A formal definition of the phenomenon of collective intelligence and its IQ measuredoi:10.1016/S0167-739X(99)00136-3CollectiveintelligenceQuasi-chaoticmodelofcomputationsSynergyIQPROLOGThis paper presents a formalization of collective intelligence (CI). A molecular, quasi-chaotic model of computations ...
This perspective aligns with Khan’s definition of capacity building, that involves “any set of actions of individuals, societies, communities, and organisations to improve their abilities to perform tasks effectively and successfully in selected areas”91. On the other hand, while there is yet an...
We present the formal definition of interaction graphs and of the evolution rules of Thomas networks. These notions are required to express the queries implementing the functionalities mentionned above. Other notions related the specification of interaction compositions facilitate the expression of ...
Based on the definition,FUAis the expected combined effect. If the actual combined effect of the two inhibitors is equal toFUA, it is additive effect case and there is no interaction between the two inhibitors. If the actual combined effect is lower thanFUA, it is called antagonism. If the...
A handful of studies have examined the role of formal agricultural networks in the context of social change in agriculture (Bell2004; Trauger2009; Barbercheck et al.2014; Pape and Prokopy2017; Šūmane et al.2018). Within these studies, no shared definition of what constitutes a formal farmer...
A Nikon D800 36.3 megapixel digital camera was placed 49” from the center of the TV screen. Multiple pictures of the paused first scene from the ultra high definition Blu-ray disc “Alien Covenant” were taken with various equipment configurations. The first scene of the movie is a tight ...
The syntax of Timed Rebeca [10,13] is given in Fig.1. Each Rebeca model containsreactive classesdefinition andmainpart. Main part contains instances of reactive classes. These instances are actors that are called rebecs. Reactive classes have three parts:known rebecs,state variablesandmessage ser...