The forces come out in terms of the dielectric constant of the solid and the electric polarizability of the atom at imaginary frequencies. The method of images breaks down at distances greater than about 500 脙楼, and an exact treatment of the electromagnetic field fluctuations near the surface ...
The forces of attraction which hold an individual molecule together (for example the covalent bonds) are known as intramolecular attractions. 2007-10-12 21:53:42 补充: The electrons in the atom is not evenly distributed. At a time the electrons of the atom will be gathered at one side of ...
The forces of attraction inside an atom are the electromagnetic force, the strong nuclear force, and the weak nuclear force. What is the role of the electromagnetic force in atoms? The electromagnetic force is responsible for the attraction between positively charged protons and negatively charged el...
(d)UniversidadeFederaldoRiodeJaneiro-RiodeJaneiro,RJ,21941-972,BrasilAbstractWeconsidertheinteractionbetweenanelectricallypolarizableatominitsfun-damentalstateandawedgeconstitutedbytwosemi-infiniteperfectlyconductingplates.Usingaformalismbasedonamasterequation,wecomputethedispersionforceontheatomforbothretardedandnon-...
We now describe how a trap can form for an atom subject to these potentials, and in the presence of a weak driving laser of frequency ωL and Rabi frequency Ω (see Fig. 1). For conceptual simplicity, we choose the Rabi frequency to be spatially uniform, such that all atomic forces ar...
Cold-atom quantum simulator for string and hadron dynamics in non-Abelian lattice gauge theory. Phys. Rev. A 105, 023322 (2022). Article ADS MathSciNet Google Scholar Andrade, B. et al. Engineering an effective three-spin Hamiltonian in trapped-ion systems for applications in quantum ...
in an atom can induce a dipole in an adjacent atom and give rise to the London dispersion force. London forces increase with increasing molecular size. Hydrogen bonds are a special type of dipole-dipole attraction that results when hydrogen is bonded to one of the three most electronegative ...
forces in the properties of gases was first examined theoretically by the Dutch scientistJohannes van der Waals, and the termvan der Waals forcesis used synonymously with intermolecular forces. Under certain conditions, weakly bonded clusters of molecules (such as anargonatomin association with a...
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In this Review, a terphenyl ligand consists of a central aryl ring substituted by two further aryl rings at theortho(that is, flanking) positions relative to the carbon atom (ipso) through which the terphenyl ligand is attached to the reactive centre. They are denoted by the abbreviationArRn...