The flow force energy equation experimental device has good gas-liquid separation effect and eliminates the phenomenon that the gas enters the experimental pipe; and the experimental section is of a full single flow, so that the experimental measurement data which is obtained during the experimental ...
Kinetic energy is a scalar quantity. This means that it is independent of the direction of an object, and is only described in terms of magnitude. The equation for kinetic energy is: KE = ½ mv2 We can see from this that, when the mass (m) of an object increases, so does its ki...
Eq. (3.3) also indicates that μ increases in direct proportion to Mm and T. Experiments have confirmed that μ increases with temperature but the power slightly exceeds 1/2. The temperature and molecular dependence of μ can be expressed by an empirical relation known as Sutherland Equation [...
Actually, in describing KJL modeling, we illustrate the basic energy balance equation, which indicates the interaction aspect from the contact point of view. The various processes can be briefly characterized as follows: (i) Plastic deformations and microcutting (ii) Viscoelastic deformations leading ...
Slip bond is commonly modeled by the Bell equation17, which assumes the off-rate k of a molecular bond dissociating along a single pathway in a one-dimensional (1D), single-well energy landscape to be an exponential function of force, \(k\left(F\right)={k}_{0}{e}^{\frac{{\delta ...
The master equation of the system evolves over time, satisfying the force balance along Talin, up to the point of dissociation from integrin. The work on F-actin is calculated as the sum of the product of the force on actin along the flow direction times the displacement. b Average clutch...
Each joint of a hydraulic-driven legged robot adopts a highly integrated hydraulic drive unit (HDU), which features a high power–weight ratio. However, most HDUs are throttling-valve-controlled cylinder systems, which exhibit high energy losses. By cont
SettingEquation Back-emf constant (Ke) λpm=1√3⋅Ke1000P⋅602π Torque constant (Kt) λpm=23⋅KtP Motor Construction This figure shows the motor construction with a single pole pair on the rotor. The motor magnetic field due to the permanent magnets creates a sinusoidal rate of change...
ligaments and cartilages,\hat{l}_{j} \,is natural length of wires,N_{T}is total number of wires. The original kinetic data from the instrumented wheels were re-calculated with respect to a point from the subject’s palm selected as an origin by using the force-moment balance equation....
With this in hand we can further use equation 7.16. In particular, we first note that in these consolidation experiments, the stress is the same in all samples at the bottom of the tube. This means that we expect theoretically to find that the maximum attractive force is inversely ...