4.1 Strong hydrophobic attraction Among the numerous effects between hydrophobic surfaces we restrict our discussion to the interaction between surfaces coated with a polymerized hydrophobic layer attached covalently to the underlying substrate. The range of the force in such systems does not greatly exceed...
In such a case, a high attraction to the goal means that the robot goes close to the obstacles, which can be risky. The good aspect of the attractive force is that it becomes zero as the robot approaches the goal, and therefore, on reaching the goal, the robot (with the absence of ...
Nonetheless, clear and well-founded exceptions to the rule exist in the presence of multivalent ions4,5 and in particular regimes involving high magnitudes of electrical charge and in low dielectric constant media6. But over the decades, consistent reports of attraction between like-charged particles...
Objects at finite temperature emit thermal radiation with an outward energy–momentum flow, which exerts an outward radiation pressure. At room temperature, a caesium atom scatters on average less than one of these blackbody radiation photons every 108 y
attraction, and by the screening of this attraction by condensed moisture from the atmosphere. At healed interfaces the energy depends on both environmental interaction and “lattice” coherence. At retracted cracks in mica-mica most of the virgin ionic attraction is retained. On misorienting ...
分子间作用力（Intermolecular force）Intermolecular force Help edit an encyclopedia Intermolecular force The intermolecular force, also known as the Fan Dehua force, is, in essence, an electrical attraction, so the origin of the intermolecular force is investigated by studying the electrical and molecular...
In summary, the Casimir effect is a consequence of the long-range correlation of electronic motion, and is the same thing as the London force. The difference between the two is that the London force is calculated using the non-relativistic Schrödinger equation, while the Casimir effect is ...
A dipole experiences a torque or rotational force in an electric field due to the attraction of the positive charge towards the negative end of the field and vice versa. This causes the dipole to align itself with the electric field lines. What is the equation for the electric ...
Until nowadays the experimentally observed quantum-mechanical Casimir force is always a force of attraction between the material bodies, while for the thermodynamic Casimr force both the cases of attraction as well as of repulsion have been observed. The importance of the investigations on the Casimir...
Van der Waals (vdW) forces are the weakest of the electrostatic interactions. They are always attractive since their physical origin is the dipole-dipole attraction between molecules, which is much weaker than the conventional chemical bonds (ionic or covalent). From a fundamental point of v...