Measurement of the force–extension curve for the mechanical unfolding process of a single protein molecule is expected to provide a value for the force necessary to deform the molecule. Integration of the observed curves can then yield an accurate estimate of the intra-molecular cohesive energy of...
We show that Langevin dynamics can be used to obtain force-extension curves for a single polymer chain under varying solvent conditions. We find that the chains obey Hooke-type and Pincus regime for Theta and good solvents. However, in poor solvents a coil-strand coexistence is observed in the...
We study force-extension curves of a single semiflexible chain consisting of several rigid rods connected by flexible spacers. The atomic force microscopy and laser optical or magnetic tweezers apparatus stretching these rod-coil macromolecules are discussed. In addition, the stretching by external isot...
To analyse the mechanics of intercalated DNA at approximately constant coverage, we acquired force-extension curves within a time that is much shorter than the minimum DNA–intercalator equilibration time (that is, the time corresponding to 1/keqat the lowest tension). First, DNA was incubated in...
Comparison to force-extension curves.Carrivain, PascalBarbi, MariaVictor, JeanMarc
Rupture forces and unfolding forces were measured from the sharp decrease of the force from the force-extension curves and force-time traces. To estimate the unfolding step size, the DNA extension estimated by the eWLC fit was subtracted from the total extension. The step size was estimated ...
The plateau regions of these force-extension curves showed greater saw-tooth texture than previously reported, which was attributed to the considerable hidden length of the fully opened mechanophore. Further resolved saw-tooth patterns were discerned in the plateau of macrocyclic cinnamate dimers.37 The...
Different biological molecules have now been analyzed (Kellermayer et al., 1997) and the accuracy of these techniques has sufficiently improved so that the theoretical models used to analyze force-extension curves must be refined. In particular, Bustamante et al. (1994) have shown that the force...
Force-extension curves in hysteresis experiments showed an elongational difference between extension and relaxation pathways that suggests that the cis conformational state of the prolines could be exhausted on the time scale of the experiment. We present further computational evidence for this mechanism ...
The Force Fields extension provides several methods that apply forces to the physics objects in the scene causing them to move in interesting ways. These methods, called force fields, can be added on top of each other to generate new behaviors. Each force field can be positioned, oriented and...