Various embodiments include a device for generating plasma and for directing an flow of electrons towards a specific target; the device comprises a hollow cathode; a main electrode at least partially
As cathodes and anodes were made and studied, J.J. Thomson discovered that electrons originate at the cathode and flow towards the anode. This discovery meant that the flow of current wasn't a flow of positively charged ions; instead, the flow is made of negatively charged ions. This theory...
where m is the mass of the substance produced, M the atomic or molecular weight of the species, I the current, t the time, n the number of electrons participating in the electrode reaction, and F Faraday's constant (96,500 C). The product of the current and time gives the total char...
Such tests can be performed whenever the scale lengths of the layer are much larger than the electron gyroradius, regardless of the size of the layerJ. D. ScudderJournal of Geophysical Research. BiogeosciencesScudder, J. D., The field aligned flow approximation for electrons within layers ...
During the discharge process, the accumulated electrons are released and move through the external circuit (load) to the positive side [15]. (9.16)V3++e−1⇌V2+ (9.17)V4+⇌V5++e−1 Another type of flow battery is the zinc bromine (ZnBr) battery, which is a hybrid flow battery....
It ignited the search for topological properties of electrons in solids and resulted in several novel discoveries in various fields. It found success especially in lower dimensional systems and became the main focus in research areas such as topological insulators2,3,4,5, photonic crystals6,7,8,...
A TEC 110 may have a cold side where heat is absorbed by electrons as they pass from a low energy level in a p-type semiconductor element, to a higher energy level in an n-type semiconductor element. A power supply provides the energy to move the electrons through the system. At a ...
The bow shock of a comet is formed by the interaction of three different particle populations; solar wind ions, cometary ions and electrons. We follow the ... AJ Coates,AD Johnstone,MF Thomsen,... - 《Astronomy & Astrophysics》 被引量: 123发表: 1988年 ...
whereMis the concentration of electrolyte (molL−1),Fis theFaraday constant(96,485°C equivalent−1),nis the number of electrons (equivalent mol−1). In order to ensure good mass transfer in the cell and reduce concentrationovervoltagelosses during charging and discharging however, the actual...
Steady nonuniform flow: In open channel flow measurement, as flow is said to be steady, nonuniform flow means that the depth of flow varies with space (different at different sections, i.e., at different distances) but not with time (hence it is steady). ...