Floral monosymmetry and asymmetry are traced through the angiosperm orders and families. Both are diverse and widespread in angiosperms. The systematic dis
The number of floral parts are indicated along with symbols at the base of a floral diagram and their union by showing a bracket. Writing Floral Formula When one begins to write the formula, start with bract and bracteole, moving to symmetry and sexuality of flowers and then specifying the ...
The floral diagram of fully developed C. ramondioides thus can be drawn as Fig. 2f, showing complete actinomorphy of C. ramondioides flower at anthesis. Characterization and phylogeny of CrCYC, CrRAD and CrDIV genes Among CYCclones, three out of 8 belonged to CrCYC1C, ...
including 403 plant–insect species links and 7955 interaction events, i.e. insect visits to individual flower units. Most of these events were made by bees (57.9%), followed by beetles (Coleoptera
Like other sunflower-type plants, most Layia species have floral heads (capitula) consisting of a swollen stem apex, termed a receptacle, on which are mounted an outermost ring of involucral bracts (also called phyllaries), then showy female rays or ray florets, and a central group of ...
these methods are used to evaluate these protocols, and to assess floral emissivity, as well as its variation across flower species and between structures of the flower. This allows us to provide recommendations for emissivity values to use for floral thermography measurements of flowers, as well ...
As the relevant research scope has expanded, studies have increasingly focused on the molecular mechanisms regulating CYC-like genes with different functions related to flower development and the phylogenetic relationships among these genes. We summarize the status of research on the CYC-like genes in ...
each focal avocado tree was systematically subsampled using two quadrats of 1 m2, located at the height of ~2 m above ground; one placed on the north-facing and a second one on the south-facing sides of the tree, to capture the variability, considering the sun’s position in the southe...
(SOMs). A total of 62 monofloral bee honey samples were analysed, including 31 linden, 14 rapeseed, 13 sunflower, and 4 acacia. All of them were harvested in 2018 and 2019 from trusted beekeepers, after confirming their botanical origin, using melissopalynological analysis. Nine physicochemical...
The MADS-box gene family is crucial for the formation of complex floral patterns in the Asteraceae. For example, the AP1 homolog LsMADS55 in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) is specifically expressed in the inflorescence meristem [35]. The AP3/PI homologs in sunflower contributed to the formation of...