If a flood prone area has an active channel migration zone, where a stream is prone to movement with near-term loss of riparian function and associated habitat adjacent to the stream, proposed practices will require more detailed analyses and additional mitigation than required for those channels ...
4.1. Bathymetric and near-river topographic surveys The terrestrial topographic mapping was performed with a couple of geodetic GPS instruments (Leica SR530 devices), each of which is a 24-channel, dual-frequency GPS receiver of the highest accuracy (Leica 2002). The dual-frequency (L1/L2, ...
Floodplain mapping and flood risk assessment are frequently assessed using one-dimensional (1-D) and two-dimensional (2-D) hydraulic models [1,4,5]. A key element for the reliability of such model-based analyses is the accurate setup of the river model, which is primarily related to the ...
flood risk management plan: (1) flood risk characterization (hazard and risk assessment and mapping taking into account climate change); (2) mitigation (prevention and protection measures); (3) emergency management (preparation and response measures); and finally; (4) short and long-term recovery...
Furthermore, as urban flooding is usually periodic (meaning during rainy seasons [23]), waste collection should be amplified during the rainy season to prevent waste from choking the existing drainage systems and overflowing into households, leading to health-related diseases such as cholera and ...