without adaptation, respectively. Compared to ref.21, we propose a realistic framework to simulate costs and physical constraints of implementing each measure (for example, location and dimensioning of detention areas required to reduce flood peaks, as explained in theMethods). Flood losses, costs an...
The economic valuation of reefs at local, national and global scales should inform the policy and practice of many agencies, businesses and organizations across development, aid, insurance, and conservation. This valuation also highlights the cost effective solutions that can be sought in reef conserva...
The non-structural measures are used to improve the management measures of flood control, such as flood forecasting and warning, insurance, aid, and post-flood recovery (Thieken et al., 2016). The structural measures are the large-scale drainage facilities and the improvement in the flood ...
However, despite its destructive consequences, the adoption of flood insurance remains relatively low in China. 4.2.2. Other footprints of flood events in various areas China is home to the second-highest population on the planet, and astonishingly, the amount of land suitable for farming within ...
One of these methods was used in previous studies and calculates the EAD based on a few extreme events by assuming a log-linear relationship between cost of an event and the corresponding return period. This method is compared to methods that are either more complicated or require more ...
inadequate planning and drainage infrastructure exacerbate hazards; the lack of widespread formal banking means people cannot draw on liquid savings or affordable credit to cope and recover; social systems lack the resources and reach they need to support affected populations...
National Flood Insurance Program FEMA (2013) Hazard mitigation assistance unified guidance: hazard mitigation grant program, pre-disaster mitigation program, and flood mitigation assistance program. U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency Fraser J, Elmore R, Godschalk D, Rohe W (2003) Implementing ...
areas flooded, the drainage system were designed with storm occurance taken into consideration. I'd like to know if the storm is the most severe case ever recorded; the folks who suffered from the flood, are they entitled to claim against the insurance company under the "act of God" clause...
most assessments of the value of mangroves use a benefit transfer or replacement cost method32,33, instead of process-based methods that can account for local variation in characteristics of storms, mangrove habitat, topography and bathymetry. Field and numerical studies have shown that the capacity...
Therefore, instead, three independent data sets and estimation methods have been used in order to accommodate some of the uncertainties involved in this exercise. All figures have been adjusted to 2012 prices (corresponding to when EFAS entered the operational phase) using the average inflation ...