Other fish species are frequently associated with larger aquatic vertebrates, attaching to them for either phoretic or feeding purposes or both. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of some general patterns in these symbiotic or parasitic relationships, comparing them with more '...
Most fishes are predacious, feeding on small invertebrates or other fishes and have simple conical teeth on the jaws, on at least some of the bones of the roof of the mouth, and on special gill arch structures just in front of the esophagus. The latter are throat teeth. Most predacious ...
Protein鈥揷arbohydrate interactions mediated by lectins have been recognized as key components of innate immunity in vertebrates and invertebrates, not only for recognition of potential pathogens, but also for participating in downstream effector functions, such as their agglutination, immobilization, and ...
The measure we use only accounts for the impact of land-based food production on terrestrial vertebrates, and therefore does not account for biodiversity loss of terrestrial plants or invertebrates, or any aspect of marine biodiversity. This measure is not usually used to assess the potential ...
Marine animals responsible for envenomation can be broken into two large groups—vertebrates and invertebrates. Venomous vertebrate marine animals include stingrays, lionfish, scorpion fish, stonefish, and catfish, whereas venomous invertebrates include jellyfish,anemones, and fire coral. ...
Among samples that contained a particu- lar prey item, the average mass of fish, in- vertebrates, and plant material was 2.27 g, 5.54 g, and 0.46 g, respectively. We esti- mated the energy density of cyprinid fishes as 1.33 kcaVg (wet mass; Hartman and Brandt 1995) based on the ...
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression by binding to mRNA transcripts in various biological processes. In mammals and birds, miRNAs are known to play vital parts in both host immune defense and viral infection. However, in lower vertebrates such as
most multicellular hadal species are boneless creatures, such as Decapoda and Crustacea; only a few vertebrates, as well as species such as the MHS that exhibit adaptive structural features, can inhabit this zone2. Using micro-computed tomography, we found that the skull of the MHS is not comp...
Rays are predominantly marine and are found in all oceans. Many are slow-moving bottom dwellers.Manta raysfeed onplanktonand small animals; others take various fishes and invertebrates, sometimes damaging commercially valuable shellfish beds. Other than skates, most or possibly all rays bear living ...
National list of species of Korea - vertebrates (2011) (in Korean) Google Scholar NIBR, 2019 NIBR (National Institute of Biological Resources) II. Vertebrates, Invertebrates, Protozoans National Species List of Korea (2019) (in Korean) Google Scholar Nylander, 2004 J.A.A. Nylander MrModeltest...