The first order predicate logic (FOPL) isbackbone of AI, as well a method of formal representation of Natural Language (NL) text. The Prolog language for AI programming has its foundations in FOPL. The chapter demonstrates how to translate NL to FOPL in the form of facts and rules, use...
FOL gets its name from the fact that one can quantify over objects(the first-order entities that actually exist in the world) but not overrelations or functions on those objects. In contrast, higher-order logic allows us to quantify over relations andfunctions as well as over objects. Higher...
1)first-order predicate logic一阶谓词逻辑 1.Logical reasoning is the basis of artificial intelligence, the first-order predicate logic belonging to logic is a knowledge representation widely used, therefore,it is a meaningful task to study the reasoning problem of first-order predicate logic.逻辑推...
This means the order in which you call methods matters. For instance: z.string().optional().array(); // (string | undefined)[] z.string().array().optional(); // string[] | undefined .element Use .element to access the schema for an element of the array. stringArray.element; //...
1. Models for first-order logic Domain:The domain of a model is the set of objects ordomain elementsin contains. The domain is required to be nonempty. (every possible world must contain at least one objects) Tuple:A collection of objects arranged in a fixed order and is written with ang...
Although classical first-order logic is the de facto standard logical foundation for artificial intelligence, the lack of a built-in, semantically grounded capability for reasoning under uncertainty renders it inadequate for many important classes of problems. Probability is the best-understood and most...
This means the order in which you call methods matters. For instance: z.string().optional().array(); // (string | undefined)[] z.string().array().optional(); // string[] | undefined .element Use .element to access the schema for an element of the array. stringArray.element; //...
This paper surveys first-order probabilistic languages (FOPLs), which combine the expressive power of first-order logic with a probabilistic treatment of uncertainty. We provide a taxonomy that helps make sense of the profusion of FOPLs that have been pr
What is first-order logic (FOL)? First-order logic (FOL) refers to logic in which the predicate of a sentence or statement can only refer to a single subject. It is also known asfirst-order predicate calculusorfirst-order functional calculus. ...
In this paper we propose a new approach to theorem proving in first-order logic based on the term-rewriting method. First for propositional calculus, we in... J Hsiang - 《Artificial Intelligence》 被引量: 509发表: 1985年 Automated reasoning: basic research problems In this paper, we present...