Background Markov modeling is increasingly being used to estimate the probability that an individual in a given cognitive state will transition to another cognitive state over a certain time period. These analyses usually rely on a first-order Markov assumption: namely, that transition probabilities ...
For a population of n individuals, the probability \(B_n\) per unit time that an individual will divide (conventionally the “birth rate” in Markov-process literature26) is $$\begin{aligned} B_n = \mu n. \end{aligned}$$ (1) The probability \(P_t(n \, | \, n_0)\) that...
Ayres and Markovits claim that their new rules of engagement would promote “law and order.” We will learn whether or not this is true soon enough, after liberals put an end to broken windows policing, which is already happening to some extent in New York City and across the country. Th...
However, the assumption that the risk for an event at any time j is associated with the current value [Math Processing Error] and current slope [Math Processing Error] of the longitudinal process at the same time point may not always be realistic, as these models do not consider the longitu...
(T=4\), hence the closure assumption is well satisfied. Note that we only include locations with at least one individual being detected during the observations. We run Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for 50,000 iterations following an initial 5000 burn-in for each algorithm using 3...
(T=4\), hence the closure assumption is well satisfied. Note that we only include locations with at least one individual being detected during the observations. We run Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) algorithm for 50,000 iterations following an initial 5000 burn-in for each algorithm using 3...
In the same time, in the first 24-48 hours, they are exposed to the influence of different stressors such as transportation to the hatchery along with feed and water deprivation, what gives the assumption that changes do occur in the serum enzyme activity in the first days after hatch. As...
(ESA) strategy. To combat the inherently multilingual nature of social media content, the paper introduces an innovative classification and optimisation strategy named hybrid adaptive Markov chain Monte Carlo tree search (HAMCMTS) with enhanced eagle Aquila optimiser (EEAO). The study uses three ...
The bias problem in probabilistic regression has been the subject of Sect. 4-37 for simultaneous determination of first moments as well as second central moments by inhomogeneous multilinear, namely bilinear, estimation. Based on the review of the first
(Lu et al.2018). The transient traceability framework allows us to disaggregate the individual components of land C sink of different countries, which eradicates the bias rooted in the steady-state assumption in C residence time. Due to the challenge to apply the full transient traceability ...