1. the act of equating or making equal. 2. the state of being equated or equal. 3. equally balanced state; equilibrium. 4. an expression or a proposition, often algebraic, asserting the equality of two quantities. 5. a symbolic representation in chemistry showing the kind and amount...
We'll use the second-order differential equation from Example 1.3.2, y″+y=0, which has the two-parameter family of solutions y(t)=c1cost+c2sint. Now let's see what happens if we impose the boundary conditions y(0)=1, y(π)=1. The first condition implies that 1=y(0)...
of the first-passage time distribution in the partition function. The corresponding partition function is divided into multipliers, one of which is associated with the equilibrium parameters, and the second one with the parameters of the first-passage time distribution. The thermodynamic parameter ...
This condition induces cellular stress, promotes the production of advanced glycation end products, generates reactive oxygen species, and triggers the release of inflammatory cytokines [38]. In human chondrocytes, IR reduces autophagic flux while increasing Akt phosphorylation of autophagy inhibitory ...
In the operating condition of this reactor, the following undesired reaction also takes place: A→UrU=0.003CA1+105CAmolU/L.s The undesired product U is a pollutant and it costs 10 $/mol U to dispose of it, while the desired product D has a value of 35 $/mol D. What size of the...
Based on the modified formula of Rapini-Papoular, the equilibrium equation and boundary condition of the director have been obtained and the behaviour of the Fréedericksz transition at the threshold point has been studied for weak-anchoring nematic liquid crystal cells under external electric and ...
This article introduced in the electric power electron system the semiconductor switch importance, explained the semiconductor switch switch to lose, to pass condition the loss in detail, breaks condition the loss, the transformation loss.And has given the loss corresponding formula.And introduced i[tr...
Predicting the thermal conductivity of glasses from first principles has hitherto been a very complex problem. The established Allen-Feldman and Green-Kubo approaches employ approximations with limited validity—the former neglects anharmonicity, the lat
This is when the research history of density functional theory (DFT) began. In 1964, Hohenberg and Kohn proposed the Hohenberg-Kohn theorem (Formula 1), which established the basic theoretical framework of density functional theory for the first time [7,8]. The theorem shows that the ground-...
In our numerical experiments, we focus on a bounded interval for the degree of risk aversion. When r becomes too large, the boundary condition (2) cannot be satisfied in general for a positive initial equilibrium bid. This can also be observed in Fig. 1 which shows that as r becomes larg...