Second quantizationSpectrumGraviton fieldsKalb–Ramond fieldsDilatonPhoton statesUtilizing the free Polyakov action of openp-brane, we obtain the solution of satisfying the boundary conditions to Euler–Lagrange
In second quantization the environment is treated quantum-mechanically — the field is quantized — and the wave function is considered as a dynamical system subject to quantization. To put it differently, one takes the wave function of an already quantized system and turns it into an operator....
An efficient quantum signature protocol of classical messages which was based on quantum one-time pad and quantum key distribution was presented. 基于量子一次一密和量子密钥分配,提出了一种针对经典消息的高效量子签名协议。3) second quantization 二次量子化 1. The paper,applying BCS theory’and by ...
providing the basis for the upcoming analysis. Section3provides an overview of the BRST quantization procedure, with emphasis on the first-quantized massless graviton both on flat and curved spacetime. In Sect.4we discuss how to confer a mass ...
Using a range of numerical criteria, we present strong evidence that the so-called A-C transition is first order, while the B-C transition is second order. The presence of a second-order transition may be related to an ultraviolet fixed point of quantum gravity and thus provide the key to...
Published for SISSA by Springer Received: June 9, 2014 Revised: June 21, 2014 Accepted: July 23, 2014 Published: August 13, 2014 First-quantized theory of expanding universe from field quantization in mini-superspace Daisuke Ida and Miyuki Saito Department of Physics, Gakushuin University, Tokyo ...
and second apparatus protection data, wherein said first apparatus protection data are specific to a region or a country in which said reproduction apparatus is to be used, and can not be modified by a user of said reproduction apparatus and wherein said second apparatus protection data can be...
Quantization of fermionic fields with two mass states in the first order formalism, to appear - Kruglov () Citation Context ...for partly “dressed” fermions using the non-perturbative approach to quantum electrodynamics. Some investigations of Barut’s second order wave equation and FOGDE were ...
Then adjustable quantization and entropy encoding processes are used to provide compression (see Figure 2). Figure 2 The ADV601 is based on wavelet theory, a new mathematical tool first explicitly introduced in Morlet and Grossman's works on geophysics during the mid-1980s.[1] This theory ...
Figure 2. The electronic and topological properties of second type hexagonal AB monolayer (CeCl) (A) The top and side views of the crystal structure. (B) The band structure when SOC is not considered, where the red (blue) line indicates spin up (spin down). (C) The three-dimensional ...