The probability density function, which is another name for a continuous probability distribution function, is a graph of the probabilities associated with all the possible values a continuous random variable ca
where N represents the number of possible values of the random variable x, p(xi) represents the probability function of the random variable xi. When finding influential nodes, their importance can be evaluated by calculating their Shannon information entropy. The entropy value indicates the degree ...
Random variable networkStatistical significanceMultiple hypotheses testing procedureFamily-wise error rate (FWER)Pearson correlationKendall correlationStock returnsThe issue of identifying sets of weakly correlated stocks is explored. Four distinct methods for constructing these sets are compared: the traditional...
It is distinct and can only occur in certain values. Some examples of a discrete random variable could be flipping a coin where outcomes are either head or tail, tossing two dice and adding the numbers on them, being late or not to work. Expected value of a discrete random varia...
The parametrization of the lines by y = kx + d can be numerically problematic if very large values of the slope k are possible. A more robust parametrization of the line has the form \(x\cos \varphi +y\sin \varphi -c=0\). The curve in the Hough space of φ and c pass...
Since we are only concerned with predicting whether or not the parking lot is full, it suffices to model the number of occupied parking spaces. For all times t ⩾ 0, let X(t) denote a random variable with values in {0, 1, … , n}. We denote by Pr[X(t) = u] the The ...
This program, to the first-order of approximation, has nk possible thread schedules. If an adversary picks any one of these schedules to be the only buggy schedule, then no randomized scheduler can find the bug with a probabil- ity greater than 1/nk. Given that realistic programs create ...
In search of a possible mechanism for collision-free navigation, we constrained our neuromorphic model agent by known properties of the fruit fly’s visual motion pathway, which has been described at a neuronal level27. The apparent motion of surrounding objects is processed in several columnar ...
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The analysis revealed that the infit mean squares and the outfit mean squares of each scale were near one and the values of the infit t scores and the outfit t scores were approximately zero. Therefore, each analysis revealed that there was a good fit to the model [51]. Thus, for each...