Finding a Needle in a Haystack: Direct Determination of Vibrational Signatures in Complex SystemsOxidation number analysisGroup-13 carbene analogsDensity functional calculationsVery recently, carbene-analogous aluminum and gallium compounds have been obtained in beautiful synthetic work giving rise to ...
therefore could be measured in biological fluids such as serum, plasma, or saliva (green arrows). The experiential state of an animal could also affect its level of thiol oxidation, SIH, and CRT (green arrows) which could then be used as biomarkers (green arrows). The HPA axis and the s...
of complex life2(multi-cellular life with complex cells and functions, such as algae, land plants, fungi, animals on Earth)3,4,5,6,7compared to primitive single-cell life in our galaxy. Among others, plate tectonics has been repeatedly proposed as one of the rare conditions for complex li...
Here we report on a software tool (“ModifiComb”) that searches for such peptide families and reveals the PTM and mutation patterns of complex peptide mixtures. The tool “combs out” from large data arrays pairs of peptides with strong sequence similarities, one of which is a base peptide...
When linked to a mass spectrometer detector, the GC/MS can also identify the components being separated. The mass spectrometer detector can increase the detectability of the compounds being separated. When using the GC/MS, the concentrations of additives, such as antioxidants, can be measured to ...
1 Because of their complex structure, proteins are sensitive to different kinds of stress like shear, oxidation or interfacial adsorption. This may lead to aggregate formation, which can potentially trigger immune responses.2, 3, 4 In addition, regulatory guidelines for particle limitations from the...
type 1 diabetes INTRODUCTION The mechanisms involved in the triggering of autoimmune aggression against beta cells, which leads to clinically overt type 1 diabetes (T1D), are still poorly understood, but a complex interaction between genetic,1 immunologic,2 environmental3 and epigenetic4 factors has ...
This effect may be the ability of fatty acid- oxidation to feed electrons through electron transfer flavo- protein bypassing complex I [9]. It has also been reported that rats fed a high-fat diet had an increase in muscle mitochondrial biogenesis resulting in increased mtDNA copy number, ...
Our approach to address this long-standing enigma is to re-examine the history of life on Earth. It is widely accepted that this began by 3800 Ma and that complex multicellular heterotrophs (animals) did not evolve until after 1000 Ma. Ward and Brownlee2note “Over and over again the same...
Chaotic atmospheric motions and complex chemical reactions may thwart life’s emergence. Until convincing evidence to the contrary arises, all discussion here assumes that rocky planets are the likely locales for alien life. Even with such restrictions, the HZ can target a wide variety of worlds ...