Spectral risk measures support closed-form solutions to worst-case estimates as long as the first two moments of the return distribution are known (Li 2017). This finding extends a known trait of VaR (El Ghaoui et al. 2003; Ye et al. 2012) and expected shortfall (Chen et al. 2011; ...
Supervised machine learning by using a naïve Bayes model is the easiest form of AI for novices to understand. Hence, it is used to analyze how input variables may influence outcomes. Descriptive analytics was first performed on the data to understand the features of the informational motif. ...