“封建主义”是从西欧近代用语英文feudalism(或Feudalismus,德文;féodalisme,法文)译过来的,其语源“feodum”→“feodalis”(feudal)是欧洲中世纪的用语,不见于古典拉丁字典(例如C.T.Lewis and C.S.Short之A LATIИ DICTIONARY,1879初版),为欧洲古典时代所不知道,只见于中世纪拉丁的字书,如尼尔迈尔编的《中世纪拉...
英文:With the rise of cities and the development of commodity economy, feudalism gradually collapsed. 4. 英文同义表达: - “manorial system”:指的是一种基于庄园的土地管理和经济体系,与封建制度有相似之处,都强调土地和权力的集中控制。 说明:这个词更侧重于庄园作为经济和管理...
Paperback edition; WITOLD KULA, An Economic Model of the Polish Economy, 1500-1800. 1976. Translated by Lawrence (First published in Polish, 1962.) to Feudalism. 304 pp. (First published, New York: London: Allen & Unwin, Feudalism to Capitalism. 195 pp. Theory of the Feudal System: ...
8. In the economic aspect, the early state preserved rural commune, the tribute and corvee system, and the reassignment economy. In the political aspect, the early state preserved the fathership government, the hereditary rules, and the indirect domination. Feudalism and Slavishness were two pros...
8. In the economic aspect, the early state preserved rural commune, the tribute and corvee system, and the reassignment economy. In the political aspect, the early state preserved the fathership government, the hereditary rules, and the indirect domination.Feudalismand Slavishness were two prospect...
What are the short-term economic mechanisms within a feudal economy? And how and why did the feudal economic system decline?doi:10.1016/0147-5967(80)90053-0Frederic L PryorElsevier Inc.Journal of Comparative EconomicsPryor, F. (1980). Feudalism as an Economic System. Journal of Comparative ...
哈尼族在其漫长的历史发展进程中 ,曾经历了母系氏族制、父系氏族制、封建领主制、封建地主制 ,并直接过渡到社会主义社会。 更多例句>> 5) the feudal autocratic monarchy 封建君主专制 6) economy of feudal suzerain system 封建领主制经济 补充资料:日本封建制经济 从公元 645年的大化改新起到明治维新前的日...
cloud capital destroyed the two pillars of capitalism, the market and profit, the market and profit still exist, but they have been exiled to the edge of the economy as trading places for capitalism by digital platforms. The digital platform looks like a market, but in reality, it is a cl...
According to Bloch, other elements of society can be seen in feudal terms; all the aspects of life were centered on lordship, and so we can speak usefully of a feudal church structure, a feudal courtly (and anti-courtly) literature, and a feudal economy./wiki/Feudalism[26]Feudalism ...
In England, for instance, Feudalism was eventually ended by the devastation and upheaval caused by the Black Death, the evolution from a land-based economy to a money-based one, and the establishment of a centralized government. Manuscript illumination dating around 1490 showing Pope Urban II at...