FGR was diagnosed by ultrasound when EFW was below the 10th percentile in relation to the gestational age and Doppler abnormalities were found, and/or EFW was below the 3rd percentile. The Fetal Medicine Barcelona (FMB) calculator [26] was used to assess percentiles based on ultrasound EFW, ...
This transducer contains piezoelectric effect crystals that convert electrical energy into ultrasound waves and uses the Doppler effect to detect movements of the cardiac structures [2,3]. In this context, several systems have been developed for central monitoring of fetal signals to provide ...