Blood glucose regulation.Blood glucose levels rise after eating. This rise triggers the release of insulin, which helps cells absorb glucose for cellular energy production. To keep blood sugar levels from falling too low, insulin release also falls when glucose levels do. Blood glucose is kept wi...
1. Regulation of blood glucose level The level of glucose in the blood is controlled by a negative feedback mechanism. If the blood glucose level increases beyond the normal range, more glucose is absorbed in the intestine and stored in the form of glycogen in the liver. The conversion and ...
The pancreas models were fitted to plasma glucose and insulin data from 14 healthy subjects receiving meals, and compared by calculating the respective loop gains (LG) for each model. The models were also compared by short perturbations of the simulated blood glucose with 1 mmol/l increases over...
Achieving autonomous motion is a central objective in designing artificial cells that mimic biological cells in form and function. Cellular motion often involves complex multiprotein machineries, which are challenging to reconstitute in vitro. Here we ac
Using proximal tubular cells, we show that inhibition of PI3 kinase/Akt and their inactive enzymes prevents high glucose﹊nduced PTEN downregulation. Similarly, rapamycin and shRaptor block suppression of PTEN by high glucose. In contrast, constitutive activation of Akt and mTORC1 decrease expression...
Cell-plating densities were 2 × or 0.8 × 106 per 35-mm plate for cortical or hippocampal neurons, respectively. Cytosine arabinoside (2.5 μm) was added to cultures on the second day after seeding (DIV2) to inhibit the proliferation of non-neuronal cells. Additional glucose (4.5 mm) was...
Insulin gene transcription was stimulated by insulin receptor signaling and insulin mimetic compound (L-783 281) in a glucose- and Grb2-dependent manner. Thus, beta-cell SERCA3 is a target for insulin regulation, which implies that beta-cell Ca(2+) homeostasis is regulated in an autocrine ...
What is a good example of a negative feedback loop? Examples of processes that utilise negative feedback loops include homeostatic systems, such as:Thermoregulation(if body temperature changes, mechanisms are induced to restore normal levels) Blood sugar regulation (insulin lowers blood glucose when ...
Furthermore, our data suggest that starvation further enhances this positive-feedback loop, as the presence of high amounts of glucose attenuates PPARα and D6D expression, and inhibition of mTORC1 was able to reverse this. Cold exposure results in enhanced cellular dynamics14 and is associated ...
In addition, the double-negative feedback regulation loop, miR-21/NFIB/miR-21, has been found as an approach to sustain miR-21 expression in HL60 cells35, suggesting that the feedback regulation is one of the main regulatory mechanisms of miR-21. Targeting the miR-21/VMP1 feedback loop...