Interestingly, freezing to the CS upon fear recall was similar in animals that were fasted after fear acquisition and non-fasted controls (Figure 2c; t(16) = 0.38, P40.05), suggesting equal expression of fear in fasted and non-fasted mice. Fear extinction learning, however, was significantly...
Hence, consolidation of fear and extinction memories is differentially regulated by hunger, suggesting that fasting and modification of feeding-related genes could augment the effectiveness of exposure therapy and provide novel drug targets for treatment of anxiety disorders....
Freezing, a rodent’s natural response to fear (LeDoux, 1993), was defined as the absence of all movement except for that necessary for breathing and was scored manually. To evaluate the extinction of contextual fear memories, no pharmacological treatments were administered after the training ...
Mental health problems often involve clusters of symptoms that include subjective (conscious) experiences as well as behavioral and/or physiological responses. Because the bodily responses are readily measured objectively, these have come to be emphasize
In rodents, complete cessation of movement or freezing is used as a proxy for fear. To study fear generalization, animals are trained to distinguish between a neutral stimulus that has come to be associated with an aversive outcome (CS+) and another neutral stimulus that is not associated with...
Different types of threats (e.g., predators, aggressive conspecifics, pain) in different contexts (e.g., escapable or not) generate different types of physiological reactions (e.g., increased heart rate, changes in blood pressure) and behaviors (e.g., fleeing, freezing, fighting) which have...
Health:150 Hunger:150 Sanity:175 (many stats are configurable in mod settings) Kaji's powers inflict the "SPOOKED" status on enemies. -tinted black for the duration of the status, and players will say "Yikes!" when applied. -forced to run in the opposite direction of Kaji until the ...
. . Just before the entrance, even within the very jaws of Orcus [Haides], Luctus (Grief) [Penthos] and avenging Curae (Cares) have set their bed; there pale Morbi (Diseases) [Nosoi] dwell, sad Senectus (Old Age) [Geras], and Metus (Fear) [Phobos, and Fames (Hunger) [Limos],...
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Despite being kept in relatively better living conditions than many of the country’s own citizens due to the defectors’ status as “trophies,” Jenkins wrote in his memoir that he “suffered from enough cold, hunger, beatings and mental tortur...