Therefore, as long as in practice the complementarity between traffic and content is very strong, as in our model, per-traffic transfers will not help internalizing the value of the network investment. Nonetheless, when complementarity is not perfect, traffic-based payments may serve as an ...
Organizations increasingly implement AI for career development to enhance efficiency. However, there are concerns about employees’ acceptance of AI a
Therefore, the mean value of V is E(V|X,Y,Y)=XY is the resources per capita, and it varies with respect to the three parameters. The focus of this article is on the following problem. Given a limited amount of resource b, such as vaccines, how should the decision maker allocate ...
which in turn is defined according to the set of properties that are characteristic to the respective phenotype (Fig.1). The definition of the class takes the form of an Entity–Quality (EQ) expression and provides the description for that particular phenotype ...
The Food and Drug Administration developed a standard definition for enriched flour in 1940 to help reduce the rates of nutrient deficiency in the U.S. It required that flour producers add thiamin, iron, riboflavin, and niacin to any products they labeled as “enriched.” You may also like:...
Regarding the second expected value, the Region (or the central government) could think to shift the median to the 75th percentile (or to the 25th percentile for indicators whose value is expected to decrease), as reported in Fig. 1. Once the two expected targets are set, two dots have ...
energy community: (i) definition of the dispatch and the best technology mix; (ii) assessment of the role of the Demand Side Management; (iii) definition of an original and fair method to allocate the benefit among the participants and of a Fairness Index to compare different business models...
Define Fair Oaks. Fair Oaks synonyms, Fair Oaks pronunciation, Fair Oaks translation, English dictionary definition of Fair Oaks. A locality east of Richmond, Virginia, where Union troops defeated Confederates at the Battle of Seven Pines . American Heri
As an emerging phenomenon, the definition of FT has been evolving in recent years. As the notion of FT has gained popularity, it has been studied in the academic literature [10], and FT’s common traits, described by Jang and Lee [11], have been applied across the research: (1) Fair...
Thus, the value of y is given by: yi = j i f τj−1 ≤ y∗i < τj f or j = 1 to 5 (1) where τ is the threshold between the Likert scale ratings and j is the scale value. The likelihood can be defined as: 5 ln L(β, τ|y, x) = ∑∑yi=1 ln[F τj −...