The initial triggers of gut failure in critical illness are often difficult to definitively identify. Damage can originate in the gut lumen or from sites outside of the gut and it may result from more than one source. For example, heart failure leads to decreased blood flow to the gut with...
Acute liver failure (ALF) is a life-threatening disease that occurs secondary to drug toxicity, infection or a devastating immune response. Orthotopic liver transplantation is an effective treatment but limited by the shortage of donor organs, the requir