The presence of extreme outliers in the upper tail data of income distribution affects the Pareto tail modeling. A simulation study is carried out to compare the performance of three types of boxplot in the detection of extreme outliers for Pareto data, including standard boxplot, adjusted box...
The variable HCRN in the trees data set is graphed in Figure 1.10, showing both the stem and leaf and the box plot. We easily see that these data are very right-skewed. There are three mild outliers and three extreme outliers, all on the upper end of the distribution. Clearly, means ...
To estimate how much economic growth is needed to end extreme poverty, we first estimate the historical relationship between growth in per capita GDP and growth in per capita consumption in a random slope regression model, taking into account trends across and within countries. We use data for 1...
For these distributions, the difference between Tukey’s boxplot and adjusted boxplot becomes more evident: the number of extreme values (outliers) identified by the latter is much smaller in comparison to the former. Such confirms that the adjusted boxplot rule is more appropriate for automatic ...
Red crosses represent the outliers of boxplots. Spawning (MPA) sites are: São Pedro and São Paulo Archipelago (SPSP), Parcel do Manuel Luis (ML), Fernando de Noronha Archipelago (FN), Atol das Rocas (AR), Recife dos Corais (RC), Costa dos Corais (CC), Abrolhos (AB), Trindade...
The red marks are the outliers, i.e., values that are more than 1.5 times the interquartile range. Please note that the analysis using boxplots started in different years for the different stations (1846 for Brest, 1975 for Cherbourg, 1972 for Le Havre, 1957 for Dunkirk) but ended in ...
in the main text. The boxes show distribution quartiles and whiskers show the full range excluding outliers. The blue dashed line is the median score for GloFAS over 1-year events and is plotted as a reference. Tick labels indicate the sample size (number of gauges) for each boxplot; ...
It is clear that the T2min recorded in the period subsequent to snowstorm Filomena (orange stars) were very low for the values of T850 that were present, generally standing as outliers of the distribution, particularly in BAR. Note that T2min were colder in BAR than in RET, due to BAR ...
U-matrix (a), boxplot (b), and map (c) of the four precipitation indices showing outliers in red in 2003. 3.2.2. Spatial Trends A 4 × 1 SOM was used because we wanted to obtain 4 clusters which is in line with number of Koppen climate classification zones over Nigeria. As expecte...
Most common varieties in our sample were Golden Delicious (16% of all orchards), Gala (10%) and Jonagold (8%). We apply a multivariate outlier detection procedure to identify and remove outliers in our data using the bacon algorithm based on Mahalanobis distances39. We thus removed four ...