This proceedings volume from the 1999 TMS Annual Meeting is intended to serve as a compendium on reactive metals. Specifically, this book concentrates on zirconium, hafnium, molybdenum, niobium, beryllium, and titanium. Covering different aspects of extraction and recovery, metal refining, processing,...
2022, Encyclopedia of Materials: Metals and AlloysElisa María Ruiz Navas, Berta Ruiz Palenzuela Chapter Aluminum Production 2.5.2.1 Introduction Aluminum is a highly reactive metal that forms a strong chemical bond with oxygen. Aluminum cannot be produced by the electrolysis of an aluminum salt disso...
Electrochemical deoxidation of solid oxides to prepare metal/alloys in molten salts has been approved to be a straightforward way [[23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28]]. For the extraction of reactive metals (e.g., Ti [29,30], Zr [31], Al [32,33], etc.), molten halides ar...
red mud also contains valuable metals such as sodium, aluminum, iron, titanium, and scandium and is considered to be an important secondary resource. In this paper, the physicochemical properties and hazards of red mud are first introduced, and then, the overall utilization of red mud is summar...
Lithium-ion battery supply chain considerations: analysis of potential bottlenecks in critical metals. Joule 1, 229–243 (2017). Article Google Scholar Global EV Outlook (IEA, 2021); https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2021. Tabelin, C. B. et al. Towards a low-carbon society...
production, while the molten reduction slag can be modulated for the preparation of low-carbon cement clinker. This approach not only facilitates the reduction and high-value utilization of solid waste but also provides valuable insights into the recovery of iron and the effective use of red mud ...
ILs are liquid at room temperature in contrast to high-temperature molten salts (NaCl has a melting point of about 800 °C). ILs can be used in many metallurgical, environmental or chemical applications, for example metal and precious metal extraction, concentration of rare earth metals, removal...
High added-value compounds Sardine Mackerel Canning By-products Waste 1. Introduction In recent years, there has been a growing interest towards the employment of products of natural origin in the medical, pharmaceutical, food and cosmetic industries. One of the reasons for this trend is that natu...
Process for extraction and separation of metals utilizing the advantages of liquid-liquid extraction with cation exchangers without requiring the equivalent addition of alkali. The process is based on a combination of leaching the metal-containing raw materials with an organic acid (cation exchanger) an...
and then to decipher ways to wrest from their peculiar structure the valuable metals contained therein. It is presently believed that these nodules are actually creations of the sea; they are somehow grown, generally in the form of the metal oxides, from metal values which are dissolved in sea...