Morphine withdrawal lowers host defense to enteric bacteria: spontaneous sepsis and increased sensitivity to oral Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium infection. Infect Immun. 2006;74(9):5221-5226. doi:10.1128/IAI.00208-06 PubMedGoogle ScholarCrossref 17. Feng P, Meissler JJ Jr...
The gut microbiota is important in human health, and the intestinal ecosystem of commensal bacteria contributes to the development of immunological balance. Antibiotic exposure, which kills commensal bacteria, will destroy the intestinal epithelial barrier and may be one of important factors to exacerbate...
Health outcomes were taken from ICD-10 and then expanded to include the relevant metrics, for example “diabetes” was expanded to include “blood glucose” and glycated haemoglobin, commonly referred to as “HbA1c.” To limit the scope of work, mental health and communicable diseases were ...
In addition to natural mineral matter from soil particles, a component of PM2.5 in Lubbock and elsewhere consists of organic compounds, including biological materials from bacteria and fungi (Elmassry et al. 2021), ultrafine particles (Ardon-Dryer et al. 2022), crystalline silica, and metals (...
(C) Eventually, once c-di-GMP is sufficiently high, surface-committed cells start to form microcolonies and biofilms. At this stage, the bacteria lose their motility, down-regulate, or lose many of their host-directed virulence mechanisms, such as the T3SS and the lasR QS system, and ...
Both direct and indirect effects account for the pro-inflammatory activity of enteropathogenic mycotoxins on the human intestinal epithelium: Stimulation of interleukin-8 secretion, potentiation of interleukin-1beta effect and increase in the transepithelial passage of commensal bacteria. Toxicol. Appl. ...
Indoxyl sulfate is a protein-bound uremic toxin that is a product of dietary tryptophan metabolism [9,10]. Tryptophan is metabolized into indole by intestinal bacteria (i.e., microbial tryptophanase), and after intestinal absorption, it is sulfated in the liver [5,9]. Indoxyl sulfate has a ...
Sulfate-reducing bacteria: Principal methylators of mercury in anoxic estuarine sediment. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 1985, 50, 498–502. [PubMed] 10. Morel, F.M.M.; Kraepiel, A.M.I.; Amyot, M. The chemical cycle and bioaccumulation of mercury. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 1998, 29, ...
The immune system functions to protect the body against bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses, and also destroy malignant cells or virus-producing cells. Immunotoxicity is referred to as the deleterious effects of foreign compounds from occupational or environmental exposure characterized by either a ...
Thus, a possible reason for the decreased expressions of TLRs might be that the depletion of intestinal symbiotic microbiota caused by antibiotics reduces the stimulation of TLRs by symbiotic bacteria. These results were similar to the previous study that the combination of antibiotics ampicillin, ...