Briefly describe the process of DNA sequencing. What are the PCR steps after DNA has been cut? What is the function of the primers in a PCR reaction? Describe the role of DNA polymerase: Explain what would happen if the PCR reaction did not contain Taq polymerase. Assuming all other requi...
Researchers work on the process of ancient DNA extraction at the Lundbeck Foundation GeoGenetics Center in Copenhagen in January 2024. According to a study published in the journal Nature, ancient DNA helps explain why northern Europeans have a higher risk of multiple sclerosis than other ancestries...
During host infection, Toxoplasma gondii and related unicellular parasites move using gliding, which differs fundamentally from other known mechanisms of eukaryotic cell motility. Gliding is thought to be powered by a thin layer of flowing filamentous (F
2. Such divergences between males and females are the results of sexual selection for traits that influence individual fitness during the evolution process3. Selective pressure may lead to sexual antagonism, in which traits are beneficial to one sex but harmful to another4,...
The present research aimed to determine the role of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in the process of polystyrene nanoplastics (PS NPs) exposure-induced nerve injury. The study was designed to investigate whether 25 nm PS NPs could cause learning dysfunction and to elucidate the underlying ...
Formation of this reactive enzyme intermediate is achieved by a stepwise process in which first the FAD is reduced by a hydride transfer from the NADPH (Fig. 1A). With the oxidized nicotinamide still bound, the reduced flavin is able to react with molecular oxygen resulting in a relatively ...
Blood is a fluid present in most animals, humans included. Blood has various functions such as the transport of nutrients and the regulation of body temperature. Blood has many types of cells like plasmas and white blood cells which in...
The global increase in species richness toward the tropics across continents and taxonomic groups, referred to as the latitudinal diversity gradient, stimulated the formulation of many hypotheses to explain the underlying mechanisms of this pattern. We evaluate several of these hypotheses to explain spati...
in this study indicate that mussels devote considerable energy to the latter, which is likely the key to byssus durability. In addition, we propose that identification of genes expressed exclusively in the foot is a useful approach to study the complicated process of byssus formation and ...
access for their life cycle. Here we show that HIV-1 pseudotyped with VSV-G or native Env uses the same pathway as EVs after internalization into HeLa cells or primary CD4+T cells to deliver its content into the nucleus of host cells, a process that can be intercepted by chemical drugs...