Classical conditioning is the process of associative learning, where a transfer of stimulus function occurs between an unconditioned stimulus of a reflex response and a conditioned stimulus, where the conditione
Classical conditioning is a behavioral procedure that is characterized by the pairing of a neutral and a non-neutral stimulus. Based on how the stimuli are ordered, there are two types of conditioning: forward conditioning and backward conditioning. ...
Psychologists commonly espouse some variant of learning theory (classical conditioning, operant conditioning, or social learning theory) as an explanatory framework and a source of hypotheses and methodology. The historical use of social learning theory is described in this article, and we review its ...
R. in Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory (eds Black, A. H. & Prokasy, W. F.) 64–99 (Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1972). Sutton, R. S. & Barto, A. G. Reinforcement Learning (MIT Press, 1998). Epstein, J. M Agent_Zero: Toward Neurocognitive Foundations for ...
athey explain particular instances of behavior as examples of general laws.for instance ,most psychologists would explain a pathologically strong fear of dogs as an example of classical conditioning . 例如他们解释行为特殊实例作为普通法律的例子,多数心理学家会解释对狗的病理性地强的恐惧为例经典条件作用。
F. Prokasy (eds) Classical Conditioning II: Current Research and Theory 64–99 (Appleton Century Crofts, New York, 1972). Staresina, B. P., Alink, A., Kriegeskorte, N. & Henson, R. N. Awake reactivation predicts memory in humans. Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA 110, 21159–21164 (...
The reinforcing effect of cocaine depends on both instrumental and classical conditioning. The former occurs as individuals learn the relationship between drug intake and drug effects, including the consequences of drug administration on alleviating withdrawal (for a discussion on the relative contributions...
establishing another vicious circle (3). In addition, the arousal response may eventually become associated with neutral events, such as moderate physical activity, through the process of classical conditioning (4). We propose that these mechanisms altogether elicit a state of sustained arousal (5)....
Classical fear conditioning in the anxiety disorders: a meta-analysis. Behav Res Ther. 2005;43(11):1391–424. https:// doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2004.10.007. 47. Hermans D, Baeyens F, Vervliet B. Generalization of acquired emotion- al responses. In: Handbook of Cognition and Emotion; 2013...
Behavioral therapies are based on the theory of classical conditioning. The premise is that all behavior is learned; faulty learning (i.e. conditioning) is the cause of abnormal behavior. Therefore the individual has to learn the correct or acceptable behavior. An important feature of behavioral ...