To tackle this requirement, variable scaled bilateral control is proposed, and the control system is constructed based on the effect of the order of the disturbance observer, which is experimentally investigated in this paper. The validity of the proposed method is verified by experimental results. ...
The purpose of this paper is to contribute with some refinements to recent methods of analysis of control loop performance, based on the well-established principle of Internal Model Control (IMC). Lower limits for the absolute value of the integral of control error (IAE) and the total variation...
The researcher manipulates the independent variable and then measures the effects on the dependent variable. This chapter explores (1) the concept of causality, (2) different types of experimental research (i.e. field vs. laboratory), (3) main concerns when using experimental methodologies (i.e...
These factors can be defined as the damage variable and used to describe the fatigue damage evolution process [30]. In terms of constitutive model, in the monotonic uniaxial/triaxial loading conditions, the damage constitutive models of rock materials have been vigorously developed, such as elasto-...
variable(s) to a dependent variable in the forward selected PLS models (p < 0.05 for bothR2Yand Q2Y); only the most relevant variables (variable influence on projection > 1) are presented. Each number without parenthesis near the pathway is the PLS partialR2(Eq. (2)) and the ...
Performance and operation of collaborative robots are kinematically constrained by the continuously variable transmission, therefore, cobots should be modelled as a differential-algebraic equations system. In the case addressed in this document, the dynamic model of a planar 2-dof robot (taking into acc...
At about 70% crystallization (percent cystallized solid, PCS) variable amounts of plagioclase (pl) and clinopyroxene (cpx) and/or pigeonite (pig) begin to precipitate. Sequence 1 (Rapp and Draper, a) crystallizes additional traces of ilmenite (ilm), quartz (qu), and apatite after 97 PCS,...
Diversity is often implied to have a positive effect on the functional stability of ecological communities. However, its relationship with stochastic and deterministic assembly mechanisms remains largely unknown, particularly under fluctuating disturbanc
test was performed to compare the mean body weight percentage. The weight gain of challenged rats was not significantly distinct from that of the control rat group at the end of the experiment (from 37.93% to 41.70% of increase, H = 0.25, df = 3, p-value = 0.9, Fig.1...
These pharmacokinetic properties generally include low bioavailability, short elimination half-life and variable behavior due to genetic or environmental factors. Especially for orally administered drugs, bioavailability is very critical for proper absorption that largely depends on their solubility and membrane...