Measurement errors are defined at the time of measurement and usually have known statistics. These errors result in uncertain petroleum reservoir data. Field information is generally noisy and sparse. These data are usually obtained from finite cores (a very small portion of the reservoir). The ...
If the data are on the nominal or ordinal scales, or do not meet the assumptions of the normal distribution and equal variances which are required for parametric statistics, nonparametric tests are required (Kirk, 1996; Siegel and Castellan, 1988). Third, if data are collected from a number ...
Dieudonné [90] recently noted that little progress has been made with an objective case definition for IEI-EMF. The key underlying problem is that its definition is seemingly circular: a precise definition of what is considered IEI-EMF is required to conduct rigorous experimental studies, but rig...
Bugg: Experimental disagreements with extended unitarity 79 The definition of log likelihood is such that a change of 0.5 corresponds to a one standard deviation change in one variable. For large statistics, χ2 is approximately twice the change in log likelihood. So the fit of Fig. 4a is ...
Note that theStatistics`DescriptiveStatistics`package, which is standard withMathematica, includes functions to calculate all of these quantities and a great deal more. We close with two points: 1. The standard deviation has been associated with the error in each individual measurement. Section 3.3....
Summary statistics are labelled on the plot: the overall number- and mass-weighted filtration efficiencies (Eqs. 1–5) and the CMD, MMD, and MMAD (count median diameter; mass median diameter; mass median aerodynamic diameter) for these data. This is an example of a mask with extremely ...
The field (geometrical) theory of specific heat is based on the universal thermal sum, a new mathematical tool derived from the evolution equation in the Euclidean four-dimensional spacetime, with the closed time coordinate. This theory made it possible
Deconvolution reduces the width of the BMDD and allows a more precise definition of a reference BMDD for healthy adults. The corrected information was used as input for a mathematical model that predicts the time evolution of the BMDD. Simulations of osteoporosis treatment reveal a double peak ...
Particle exchange quantum statistics encounters thresholded modifications due to violations of the cluster decomposition principle on the nonlocality length scale \sim 10^{3-5} \,L_P. Precision Hughes–Drever measurements of spacetime anisotropy appear as the most promising experimental route to test ...
Microbiome data are inherently multivariate. This has led to the misleading conclusion that most published methods in microbiome literature are multivariate. Using terminology from classical statistics and regression analysis, most existing microbiome association methods can be categorized on the basis of how...