The HH quadrant shows small spatial differences between the cities, thus indicating spatial diffusion effects, whereas the LH quadrant indicates spatial transition characteristics. The LL quadrant indicates spatial aggregation effects in a slowly growing region. The HL quadrant shows that the attribute ...
However, under the influence of saturation diffusion, threshold selection, and other problems, urban areas cannot be identified only by NTL data [35]. Impermeable substances, such as lanes, sidewalks, parking lots, and roofs [36], are the main components of urban built-up areas, which are ...