providing increased radiation pressure. This Doppler shifting creates “seasons” in the exosphere, as Mercury orbits the Sun. MESSENGER saw these seasonal variations clearly during its flybys of Mercury when it viewed the exosphere from a distance (Figure ...
As it is the outermost layer of the Earth’s atmosphere and also the widest one, it is aligned at a distance of around 700 km above the sea level and extends up to 1000 km above the sea level. 1000 km above the sea level is the Exosphere’s endpoint, where it meets with the solar...
Residuals from the empirical fit show evidence for relative depletions in exosphere density around Mars' closest approach to Earth, which would be consistent with a scavenging mechanism that is dependent on solar wind dynamic pressure. Superimposed on this variation with Mars-Sun distance are positive...