and the engineered exosome prolonged the resi dence in the brain after intravenous administration.38 Another approach to direct exosome engineering is chemi cal modification, which loads various types of ligands onto the exosome membrane by means of conjugation and hydropho bic insertion.29...
Exosomes are generated within the multivesicular endosomes (MVEs) as intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) and secreted during the fusion of MVEs with the cell membrane. The mechanisms of exosome biogenesis remain poorly explored. Here we identify that RAB31 mark
Ever since Stephen Paget’s 1889 hypothesis, metastatic organotropism has remained one of cancer’s greatest mysteries. Here we demonstrate that exosomes from mouse and human lung-, liver- and brain-tropic tumour cells fuse preferentially with resident cells at their predicted destination, namely lung...
Exosomes have a crucial function in the TME and can act as a diagnostic and prognostic marker for the alteration of TME and the progression of cancer to a certain degree [20]. Their importance stems from their ability to enable intercellular communication and convey a diverse range of micro-mo...
After exosome transfer to immune cells, unshielded RN7SL1 drives an inflammatory response. Upon transfer to breast cancer cells, unshielded RN7SL1 activates the PRR RIG-I to enhance tumor growth, metastasis, and therapy resistance. Corroborated by evidence from patient tumors and blood, these ...
either before or after anti-cancer therapy, allowing physicians to choose the appropriate treatment option for each individual case [38]. Exosomes separated from the bloodstream of patients with head and neck cancer have protein signatures and oncogenic miRNA signatures [39]. In finding mutations in...
Finally, our structures reveal that the ZCCHC8 scaffold covers surfaces important for RNA translocation and MTR4 interaction with the nuclear exosome, suggesting hierarchical interactions that need to be remodeled before NEXT could release RNA for decay. Results Molecular architecture of NEXT To ...
(evidenced by a decrease of their Pearson’s co-localization coefficient) and CD63 eventually accumulates in intracellular compartments while CD9 reaches the cell periphery. However, between 30 min and 1 h after biotin addition, after leaving the Golgi, a fraction of both proteins was found...
Statistical analysis between the conditions (before and after HDL NP treatment) of GFP-SR-B1, integrated normalized intensity and motion was performed using a permutation test45 for means, which does not assume normality of the underlying distributions. Additional Information How to cite this article...
The culture broth was washed once with 500 μl of PBS followed by the addition of 300 μl of 10% formaldehyde buffer and fixing for 2 hours or more at RT. Subsequently, the wells were washed once with 500 μl of ultrapure water, and after adding 300 μl of 2% Rhodamine B and allow...