Although UEGO sensors provide the excess air ratio feedback signal primarily in spark ignition engines, they are also used in diesel engines to facilitate low-emission combustion. The excess air signal is used as an input for the fuel mass observer, as well as to run the engine in the low...
It is also given that the atoms of P are present at the body-centre. Therefore, numbers of atoms of P in one unit cell = 1. This means that the ratio of the number of Q atoms P: Q = 1 : 1. Hence, the formula of the compound is PQ. Show More ...
CO2 gas was passed into the 1,2-PPD (1) + 1,2-PDA (2) solution (molar ratio 1:1) at a flow rate of 250 mL/min and 3–5 % of secondary water was added to the whole system with the aim of reducing the viscosity of the system and making the mass transfer rate faster. The ...
A common way to reduce the environmental impact of DSO is blending in a specific ratio with gas condensate stream in gas refinery. This would improve DSO quality and conse- quently strengthen its unique application. In this work, density, viscosity and surface tension of DSO and gas ...
Polycrystalline [Gd2C]2+·2e− electride is prepared by the arc-melting method using Gd metal pieces (Alfa Aesar, 99.9%) and graphite at a molar ratio of 2:1. To obtain high-quality single-phase [Gd2C]2+∙2e− and ensure homogeneity, we repeated the cooling and re-melting process...
Contribution of the near-surface high energy air in the eye region to tropical cyclone (TC) intensification rate (IR) has been evaluated based on idealized numerical experiments using a cloud-resolving, nonhydrostatic atmospheric model. The results show that when the surface entropy flux was turned...
removed. The signal-to-noise ratio, in the range 40 to 110, depends on the seeing, the extinction and the airmass. The 971 radial velocities are shown in Fig. 1. The rms scatter of these measurements is 2.72 ms −1 . The uncertainties due to photon and detector noise vary between ...
Excess of airOverall pressure ratioIn this paperwork we are studying the performance of a combustion process into a jet engine combustion chamber, more specifically the relations between excess of air, overall pressure ratio and inlet turbine temperature for a combustion reaction based on a jet A ...
The pressure boost in the cabin depends, among other things, on the external air pressure on the locomotive body, the power of the climate system fan, and the ratio of the input and output deflectors. To determine the external air pressure, the problem of train movement i...
The excess air factor is the ratio of the actual air requirement to the theoretical air requirement for fuel combustion, and is expressed as “α” using the following calculation formula [21]: α = Vk/V0 (1) Vk: the actual amount of air supplied; V0: theoretical air volume. In ...