circular chamber—the first examples of the rectangular plan form in building. Still later the circular form was dropped in favor of the rectangle asdwellingswere divided into more rooms and more dwellings were placed together in settlements. The tholoi marked an important step in the search for...
Construction of Squatter Settlements Shanty towns are most often found in areas where a large population of people cannot afford standard modern housing. Because most shanty towns are built on squatted land, they are often found on marginal, undesirable land, such as industrial areas, spots near ...
Landscapes are socially produced and reproduced spaces. This is easily recognizable for large-scale urban groups with built environments that dominate living places. But it also pertains to all types of societies and cultures, even small-scale hunter–ga
Place memories signify practices of protection or use related to a specific place. Customary protection of burial sites and/or abandoned settlements, for example, is a common occurrence across Africa with beneficial outcomes for biodiversity and forest protection. Finally, we discuss stewardship and ...
This type of adaptation some would even call “resilience”. With agricultural evolution, human societies handled the water–energy–food nexus more efficiently, and they could possibly survive these gaps facing the threats of recessions in their settlements. If our group of people on an island ...
The first technique involves the enhancement of natural groundwater recharge through the drilling of shallow injection wells in natural depressions, injection of fresh recycled water through the drilling of deep recharge wells in Doha, and recharge of urban stormwater through deep boreholes in Doha, ...