It is astroglial receptors for these dual-acting molecules that could hold a key for medical intervention in pathological conditions. We focus on two examples disclosing the role of activation of astroglial ATP and glutamate receptors in pathology of two kinds of brain tissue, gray matter and ...
In most cases, excessive expression of love and care may lead to a pathological condition where the child is unable to leave the family home or start an independent life painlessly. Of course, these helicopter parents try to protect their children from mistakes and disappointments, but there is...
Insulinresistanceis a pathological condition. In this condition, the body cells display a failure in responding normally to insulin. The insulin hormone is responsible for the metabolism ofcarbohydrates, body protein, andfatty acids. Several research studies have shown a correlation between high valine ...
The spinal cord or backbone is formed of bones stacked and separated by discs between them. Generally, there are slight curves in the spinal that help it to absorb stress. But if these curves become deeper than normal that can lead to some pathological conditions as follows: Lordosis: it’s...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Epidemiology, Etiology, Pathological Mechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment Last modified: 10th Dec 2019 INTRODUCTION Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or commonly known as ALS is one of the major neurodegenerative diseases alongside Alzheimer’s disease and Parkinson’s disease in the ...
What complications result from the pathological process of emphysema? If a lobster is taken out of water and can breathe, does it drown after going back into water? Explain why or why not. What respiratory diseases are of concern for the elderly and infants and why? Provid...
Figure 5. The Radiographic Anatomy of a patient’s left hand in the form of an X-ray. Credit:WikiRadiography.net. The study of anatomy as it is altered by disease is known aspathological anatomy. This study helps the diagnosis and treatment of countless diseases through microscopic analysis ...
The advent of techniques for isolating and characterizing proteins and nucleic acids now allows a molecular approach to essentially all biological problems—from the appearance of new gene products in normal development or under pathological conditions to a monitoring of changes in and between nerve cell...
pathological entities, cytological or histological characteristics, geneticmutations, orproteins. Alterations at the level ofmessenger ribonucleic acid(mRNA) and protein expression may also serve as biomarkers. Decades of research have produced molecular markers that serve as tools for health-related...
The proper function of physiological processes in the human body depends on the preservation of an adequate acid–base balance. Indeed, the normal intracellular pH range is between 7.35 and 7.45, but when the pH deviates from this range, pathological conditions are commonly observed [1]. CO2 is...