All matter is made of atoms, which consist of electrons, protons and neutrons. Electrons are negatively charged particles; protons are positively charged particles and neutrons carry no charge. Most of the objects in nature are not charged because the number of electrons in an object is equal to...
Energyis the capacity of an object or system to do physicalworkor supplyheat. There are two fundamental types of energy:kinetic energy, which is the energy of moving objects, andpotential energy, which is stored. Objects can store up potential energy in many different ways, for example, simpl...
Just as gravitational potential energy is converted into kinetic energy for objects in free fall, so to is electric potential energy converted into kinetic energy for charges moving freely in an electric field. So if charge q traverses a potential gap V, then the magnitude of its change in p...
The repeating pattern in the structure of ionic crystals is made up of alternating positively-charged cations with negatively-charged anions. These ions can be atoms or molecules. Ionic crystals are usually brittle, with high melting points. As solids, they do not conduct electricity, but they ca...
structures and geometries that would be otherwise impossible to build manually. They can be used to build a range of objects, from simple prototypes to intricate final products, such as medical instruments, aircraft parts, eco-friendly buildings, and evenartificial organsusing layers of human cells...
Static electricity is the build-up of charge on a material due to frictional contact between objects. Triboelectricity determines which material becomes positively charged or negatively charged as a result of this frictional contact. The excess charge does not last very long. Something as simple as ...
energy in objects. When an object moves quicker, more energy is stored, which is known aspotential energy. The sum of the kinetic energy and thepotential energyis calledmechanical energy. This energy, however, cannot be created or destroyed, but, can be converted into another form of energy....
Protons are positively charged, with a charge of +e, while electrons are negatively charged at –e, where e = 1.602 × 10−19C. The C here stands for coulombs, which is the SI unit for electric charge. The 10−19tells you that charged particles have ...
static electricity, form ofelectricityresulting from the imbalance between positive and negativechargeswithin a material that occurs whenelectrons(the negatively charged particles in anatom) move from one material to another. If the electron-receiving material is either isolated or not an electricalconduct...
(as in H2) are nonpolar—i.e., electrically uniform—while those between unlike atoms are polar—i.e., oneatomis slightly negatively charged and the other is slightly positively charged. This partial ionic character of covalent bonds increases with the difference in the electronegativities of ...