Metabolism is the process of converting food and oxygen into energy for the body. It is a highly regulated process that humans have evolved over time. Humans have three major metabolic pathways: glycolysis, pentose phosphate, and respiratory chain. These pathways are all interconnected and work ...
It has been found that infusion of large-volume (i.e., >2 L) can inducehyperchloremiain healthy adults. Furthermore, hyperchloremia (i.e., a high amount of chloride ions) is associated with hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, and negative protein balance. Hyperkalemia is the increase in the...
For example, bicarbonate loss due to diarrheal illness is a very common cause of metabolic acidosis; alternatively, patients with severe hypovolemic shock may develop lactic acidosis with an elevated anion gap.The neurohumoral response to hypovolemia stimulates an increase in renal tubular Na+ and ...
FROM JANE: A mnemonic for recalling signs of endocarditis— Fever, Roth’s spots, Osler’s nodes, Murmur of heart, Janeway lesions, Anemia, Nail hemorrhage, Embolism. A Wet Bed: This for remembering functions of the kidney and complications of CKD— Acid-base balance: metabolic acidosis, Wate...
Explain the two roles of arteriole in maintaining cardiovascular homeostasis Explain why, as individuals age, they tolerate summer heat less well and become more susceptible to heat-related illness. State and explain common causes of metabolic acidosis. E...
A 70 year old woman presents with sudden onset of chest pain. The pain is crushing in nature and radiates up to her jaw. This is her ECG. Present your findings and give the diagnosis. Answer Question 18 A 45 woman has just stepped off a flight from Japan when she develops severe pleur...