Therefore these medications should be tapered and discontinued two weeks before elective surgery. If MAOIs are continued, the patient must be prescribed a diet excluding food with high amounts of tyramine while inpatient to avoid precipitating a hypertensive crisis Mood Stabilizin...
Flavoring agents are crucial for improving the palatability of oral medications, especially in chewable tablets or liquid formulations. Common flavoring agents are: Natural fruit extracts Artificial sweeteners (e.g., sucralose, aspartame) Essential oils (e.g., peppermint, vanilla) Controlled Release Exc...
Race/ethnicity or genetics (this can influence the metabolism of a drug) Smoking Other variables, such as if the person is on hemodialysis.Drug-specific variables that may affect half-lifeDrug formulation (ie, modified or controlled release preparations extend half-life) How the drug behaves in ...
Governments commonly impose controls ondrug prices. This is especially true for life-saving and specialty medications like insulin. Drug companies often come under pressure for setting prices too high. Their rationale is normally patent protection and to cover the expensive costs ofresearch and developm...
to please a patient, as by satisfying the patient's desire to take medicine. In many cases, the patient would actually benefit, thanks to what became known as theplacebo effect.Later,placebocame to refer to neutral substances used in controlled studies testing the effectiveness of medications. ...
It is estimated that between 30% and 50% of all medicines prescribed for long-term therapy are not taken as recommended, leading to poorer clinical outcomes, and increased economic costs [30]. Non-adherence to medications is common in severe mental disorders such as bipolar disorder and ...
For example, when medications are studied, this typically means that the control group is given a placebo, so that researchers can identify if the outcome (response variable) is a result of the medication. There can be multiple treatment groups, perhaps receiving varying levels, or factors, of...
(Prozac). The drug was originally approved by the FDA in 1981 to treat depression, but because it causes drowsiness, it's actually become one of the most commonly used sleep medications. The drug still isn't FDA-approved to treat insomnia, however, and not much research has been done t...
They involve following groups of people for long periods of time and examining trends in the data. These trends can be important for identifying causes and risk factors for diseases. RCTs provide stronger evidence when it comes to medical interventions, such as medications. However, cohort studies...
Experiment: A researcher evaluates the effect of two medications to treat pain. The pain medications are Drug X and Drug Y. Thus, there are two independent variables or factors, Drug X and Drug Y, because these are variables that the researcher is controlling. The dependent variable is effecti...