Acquisition of skill Within limits, laboratory animals can be taught to regulate the force with which they press a lever or to control the speed at which they run down an alley. Such skills are learned when a reward is made contingent on quantitatively constrained performance. Among human learne...
Human beings are prone to a herd mentality, conforming to the activities and direction of others in multiple ways, from the way we shop to the way we invest. The fear of missing out on a profitableinvestmentidea is often the driving force behind herd instinct, especially in the wake of go...
1), did not receive one single negative comment, notwithstanding the fact that Indonesia has a sizeable contingent of religious conservatives. Conversely, while some ecological writers do criticise conservatism in Indonesian Islam, suggesting that conservatism deprives Islam of the opportunity to ...
ʾān, assigning great importance to the Qurʾān’s restriction of military activity to self-defense in response to external aggression. This reading further leads them to discount many classical rulings on warfare by premodern Muslim jurists as historicallycontingentand inapplicable in the ...
At this stage in a bubble’s existence, further increases in the cost of the asset often are contingent purely on investors continuing to buy in at the highest price. When investors are no longer willing to buy at that price level, the bubble begins to collapse. Inspeculativemarkets, the ...
Latent in the distinction between the a priori and the a posteriori for Kant is the antithesis between necessary truth and contingent truth (a truth is necessary if it cannot be denied without contradiction). The former applies to a priori judgments, which are arrived at independently of experien...
Although philosophical questions tend to focus on what is possible or necessary or essential, as opposed to what simply is, this is not to say that what is—i.e., thecontingentfindings of empiricalscience—is not importantly relevant to philosophical speculation about the mind or any other topic...