Isomers, also known as molecular isomers, are molecules that have the same chemical formula but a different physical arrangement of the atoms and/or bonds. A common type of isomer is a structural isomer, also known as a constitutional isomer. For those wondering "What are structural isomers?"...
Structural isomers are molecules that have the same chemical formula but different orders of the bonds between atoms (in other words, they differ in their 2-D structures). An example of a pair of constitutional isomers is the chemicals butane and isobutane. Both have the chemical formula C4H10...
Two main forms of isomerism are structural or constitutional isomerism, in which bonds between the atoms differ; and stereoisomerism or spatial isomerism, in which the bonds are the same but the relative positions of the atoms differ. Q5 What are functional isomers? Functional isomers are str...
Graph theory has been used to calculate the number of constitutionally isomeric alkanes possible for values of n in CnH2n + 2 from 1 through 400. The number of constitutional isomers increases sharply as the number of carbon atoms increases. There is probably no upper limit to the number of...
19. Reactions of Aromatics: EAS and Beyond5h 1m 20. Phenols55m Phenol Acidity 15m Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones 14m Cleavage of Phenyl Ethers 10m Kolbe-Schmidt Reaction 15m 21. Aldehydes and Ketones: Nucleophilic Addition4h 56m 22. Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: NAS2h 51m ...
Degrees of Unsaturation 15m Constitutional Isomers 14m Resonance Structures 46m Hybridization 23m Molecular Geometry 16m Electronegativity 22m 2. Molecular Representations1h 14m Intermolecular Forces 15m How To Determine Solubility 11m Functional Groups ...
The structures of the constitutional isomers isobutane (top) and butane (bottom) On the other hand, isomers that have the same chemical formula and arrangements of their atoms and only differ from each other on their relative 3D structures are called stereoisomers. Different relative 3D structures...
For example, Figure 2 shows the structure of two constitutional isomers of chloronitrobenzene. In the first constitutional isomer, the highlighted hydrogen atom has a chlorine substituent on one side and a hydrogen atom on the other side. In the second constitutional isomer, the highlighted hydrogen...
The two broad categories of isomers are structural isomers (also called constitutional isomers) and stereoisomers (also called spatial isomers). Structural Isomers: In this type of isomerism, the atoms and functional groups are joined differently. Structural isomers have different IUPAC names. An exa...
Structural or constitutional isomers share the same chemical formulas, but their atoms are arranged differently. The three types of structural isomers are skeletal isomers, positional isomers, and functional group isomers. Structural isomers differ from stereoisomers, which share the same chemical formulas...