Plasmidsare additional genetic material present in the form of small circular double-stranded DNA which is functionally separate from the chromosomal DNA. It may code for enzymes providing antibiotic resistance, information for the production of sex pilus enhancing intercellular genetic exchange through con...
One simple example of evolution is antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Over generations of bacterial growth, bacteria with genes that make them resistant to antibiotics thrive while bacteria without the advantage die off. The resistant bacteria pass on the advantage to new generations with a change in the...
Do antibiotic residues in soils play a role in amplification and transmission of antibiotic resistant bacteria in cattle populations? When we consider factors that contribute to the emergence, amplification, and persistence of antibiotic resistant bacteria, the conventional assumption is ... DR Call,M ...
Eubacteria (biology definition):Literally means “truebacteria“. They include allbacteria(except forarchaebacteria). These bacteria form theDomainBacteria (previously, Domain Eubacteria). It is one of the three-domain systems of classification; the other two are Domain Archaeabacteria (nowArchaea) ...
Thermophiles contain special DNA binding proteins that arrange the DNA into globular particles that are more resistant to melting. Also, another factor that is common in all thermophiles is the presence of a unique DNA gyrase enzyme that acts to introduce positive supercoils in DNA, providing consi...
Learn what sexual dimorphism is and find interesting sexual dimorphism examples from the animal kingdom below. See the evolutionary importance of...
Now, imagine that someone pours an antibiotic into the petri dish. Many antibiotics kill bacteria by gumming up one of the enzymes that the bacteria needs to live. For example, one common antibiotic gums up the enzyme process that builds the cell wall. Without the ability to add to the ce...
The duramycins produced byStreptomycesspecies, and mersacidin produced byBacillusspecies that are active against several Gram-positive bacteria include-methicillin-resistantS. aureusand actagardine, which are examples of type-B antibiotics. Mode of action ofLantibiotics ...
Discovered in 1928, penicillin was used to treat bacterial infections starting in 1930. However, penicillin couldn't kill all bacteria; some species of bacteria had an enzyme calledbeta-lactamasethat could deactivate or destroy penicillin. This made the bacteria naturally resistant to the antibiotic....
Antibiotic resistanceConditional essentialDrug targetOuter membrane biogenesisSynthetic lethalityWall teichoic acidAntibiotics are the bedrock of modern medicine but their efficacy is rapidly eroding due to the alarming emergence of multi-drug resistant bacteria. To begin to address this crisis, novel......