Micropredatorsuse a method of transmission that entails association with several hosts in a generation. Most of them are blood-sucking organisms, such as leeches, mosquitos, fleas and vampire bats. There are also examples of sap-sucking parasites of plants, such as the leafhopper. Parasitic castra...
Generally, every living cell contains about 3 billion base pairs of DNA which is a complete copy of the genome in a body. There are 23 pairs of chromosomes carrying genes responsible for the synthesis of a protein with the aid of other messenger molecules and enzymes. Moreover, other non...
definitive host and intermediate host are different for each parasite. But shockingly for roundworms of the Trichinella genus, both hosts are the same after the point of infection. This is a deadly combination because the organism becomes a breeding ground and hotbed of parasites in this situation...
measures.Perkinsus olseniappears an interesting model species for evaluation of pathogen inactivation measures.Higher UV doses are necessary to complete inactivation of bivalve pathogens in comparison with the human ones.A clear directive is needed to avoid pathogen dispersion by depuration plants.doi...
For organic farming, the adaptation of varieties to efficient nutrient-use derived from slow-nutrient-releasing organic fertilizer is of special importance, which is not addressed in conventional selection programmes with no or less inorganic fertilizer [14]. Nutrient-uptake efficiency of plants can be...
All viruses are parasites because they can reproduce only inside the cells of plants, animals, and bacteria. Viruses are usually not considered living organisms. 2. Computer Science A computer program that is meant to disable or damage the computer's memory or to cause another program to ...
Asexual reproduction is a form of reproduction in which the number of chromosomes is not altered and the fusion of gametes does not occur. An asexual reproduction method is spore development, which produces asexual spores directly following mitosis (mito...
these reproductive cells are produced in respective male and female gonads or reproductive organs. In seed-bearing plants, the male gametes are the pollen while the female gametes are enclosed in the ovules of the plant. However, in plants, the gamete may or may not be always a haploid cell...
Paleobiology –the study of the forms of life existing in prehistoric or geologic times, as represented by the fossils of plants, animals, and other organisms Parasitology –the study of parasites and parasitism Pathology –the study of the nature of the disease and its causes, processes, develop...
In gymnosperms, the plant sporophyte is recognized as the bulk of the plant itself, including roots, leaves, stems, and cones. Thecellsof the plant sporophyte arediploidand contain two complete sets ofchromosomes. The sporophyte is responsible for the production ofhaploidspores through the process...