n=10000# Number of Monte Carlo samplesnp.random.seed(0)# Initialization of random number generator for replicability# Standard Monte Carlox=np.random.randn(n,1)g=10*np.exp(-5*(x-3)**4)MC=np.mean(g)std_MC=np.sqrt
Example-dependent cost-sensitiveRandom forest (RF)Extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost-XG)CatBoost (CB)Synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE)Bayes minimum risk (BMR)Fraud detection (FD)This paper presents fraud detection problem as one of the most common problems in secure banking research ...
Random sampling is not appro- priate in this case because the major part of these struc- tures will consist of easy examples and result in poor gradi- ents. Thus, examples should be sampled in a more intelli- gent fashion. Some kind of hard example mining is usually used for this ...
The sample was composed through a multi-stage sampling technique, using proportionate random Sampling. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. Data collected were analysed with the use of descriptive statistics (frequency count, mean score and percentage. Result revealed that the e-...
Sampling Options dialog From this dialog, users can set the Random Seed, Random Generator, Sampling Method and Random Streams. Random Seed: Setting the random number seed to a nonzero value (any number of your choice is OK) ensures that the same sequence of random numbers is used for each...
It was not possible to conduct a pre-established randomly selection of sampling sites (see Foody, 2002) due to the large dimensions of the study area, the general remoteness, and the reduced accessibility to particular inland regions (e.g., eastern areas). Additionally, the spectral variability...
Cost of the project This study is continuation of the current project “Con? ict and Economic Growth in the Federal Republic of Nepal 2009-10” , which was based on strati…ed random sampling technique with respondents over 55 districts of Nepal. Young students,like Kedar Bhattarai and Sure...
Since nonresponses were observed to be missing at random (MAR) pattern, multiple imputation was used to examine the possibility of bias, however, no bias was observed. Replacing the missing data with imputed data did not make differences in outcomes of interest, hence a significant measure of ...
In addition, early pioneers such as Campbell and colleagues (2003) who explored purposeful sampling remain close to a positivist sampling strategy, opting for an arbitrary, random sampling technique to select a subset of papers to extract [21]. Noblit and Hare (1988), the initiators of the ...
s = RandStream.getGlobalStream(); reset(s) nTrials = 20000; % # of independent random trials horizon = 22; % VaR forecast horizon bootstrappedResiduals = standardizedResiduals(unidrnd(T,horizon,nTrials)); Using the bootstrapped standardized residuals as the iid input noise process,...