Vulnerability to the impacts of extreme geophysical events increases when the range of alternatives is limited or misinformed. Many evacuees from a potentially violent volcanic eruption in Ecuador returned to t
However, there is a very limited understanding of how extreme weather and climate events could themselves be sources of vulnerability. Drought is used as an example of an extreme event that can simultaneously be a current hazard and can directly and indirectly influence future vulnerability. A ...
This is a common product of hazard (physical and statistical aspects of a flood), exposure (who and what is at risk of a flood), and vulnerability (the susceptibility of spatial infrastructure to a threat and its ability to counteract and eliminate the consequences of a natural disaster) (...
Transaction exposure is the level of uncertainty businesses involved in international trade face. Specifically, it is the risk that currencyexchange rateswill fluctuate after a firm has already undertaken a financial obligation. A high level of vulnerability to shifting exchange rates can lead to major...
Braun, C. C., & Silver, N. C. (1995). Interaction of signal word and colour on warning labels: Differences in perceived hazard and behavioural compliance.Ergonomics, 38(11), 2207–2220. ArticleGoogle Scholar Brown, S., & Locker, E. (2009). Defensive responses to an emotive anti-alcoho...
chemometric modelling. Latent factors controlling the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater too are explored. While hazard quotients (HQ) of the chemical parameters (HQNO3−andHQF−) identify ingestion as the prominent pathway, the calculated risk certainty levels (RCL) of the hazard index (HI) values...
The concept of moral hazard is being discussed. Increasing management's accountability towards shareholders could have mitigated the issue of moral hazard. The implementation of an equity pay structure for employees aims to instill a sense of ownership and responsibility, as their income becomes tied ...
The hazard is expressed by the PGA values for ground type A, ag (see Table 1), i.e., for the rock sites [16]. As can be seen in Table 1, the maximum spectral amplitudes are equal to the product of ag, 2.5 (a constant value for horizontal spectra), and the so-called soil ...
In the latest regulation, we have summarized four essential phases of DRR on volcanic hazard that should be analyzed and correlated with the impacts of eruptions, i.e., (1) monitoring, (2) mapping, (3) emergency, and (4) recovery (Figure 7). Figure 7. The relation between the impacts...
“identification of hazard in which that situation or property is identified which could cause harm.. The estimation of the possible consequences includes presence of the hazard, the possibility of the receptors getting affected by the hazard and the consequential damage from exposure to the hazard....