This paper analyses the 1975 municipal reform which gave Paris its first elected Mayor since the days of the revolutionary Commune. Local government reform has proved notoriously difficult in France and the policy-making process in this case was complicated by the political situation, following the ...
Learn about decentralized organizations. Know what a decentralized organization is, learn the pros of decentralization, and see examples of these...
Language has profound effects on how a person perceives and process a piece of information. For... 2 Pages | 805 Words English Assessment for Young Learners in Indonesia English Language Since the implementation of the decentralization policy in education management in 2001,many local... ...
Representative democracy is a form of democratic decision-making in which the electoral elects representatives to make policy and legislative decisions for them through a deliberative, decision-making body, such as a legislature. This is in comparison to direct democracy....
denying or tolerating this unacceptable policy of restrictions, whose negative effects in political, security and humanitarian termsareglaring,isnot a viable option. daccess-ods.un.org daccess-ods.un.org 继续否认或容忍这种不能接受的限制政策,并不 是一种可行的选择,其在政治、安全和人道主义方面 的...
2016, Transport Policy Citation Excerpt : The conflict between automobile popularity and urban sustainable development urges transportation planners to rethink urban transportation strategies; many consider public transit to be a panacea. The trends of economic growth and decentralization of jobs and residenc...
The paper elicits the conditions for developing the financial base of local self-government and examines the breakdown of local budgets in Novosibirsk obla
We survey the theoretical and empirical literature on decentralization within firms. We first discuss how the concept of incomplete contracts shapes our vi... P Aghion,N Bloom,JV Reenen - 《Cep Occasional Papers》 被引量: 70发表: 2013年 Intellectual Property As A Tool Of Social Repression right...
decentralization in educational financing and in modeling educational labor markets are reflected in more than $1.5 million in funded research, numerous books and book chapters, dozens of articles published in professional journals and nearly 50 policy reports for various state governments,” the page ...
scenarios in a consistent parameter matrix. The set of descriptors allow consistent and comparable outputs independent of model-specific characteristics. The corresponding quantitative parameters can be used by diverse energy system tools. Using multiple models, a team of researchers can explore questions ...