The chapter describes evolution of the PPP concept in the country and provides analysis of gaps and deficiencies in the current PPP policy and legislation. Five stages have been identified in the evolution of the government PPP policy: Stage One—PPP legal framework for foreign investors only (...
The concept of direct reciprocity was introduced by2, using the term "reciprocal altruism". One classical example of a strategy that exemplifies this principle is Tit-For-Tat. Tit-For-Tat starts with cooperation, then always copies the opponent's move in the previous round. In Axelrod's ...
With the advent of 5G, for which the 3GPP targets commercial launches of devices in 2020, there will be a progressive technology shift towards new frontiers. Whether 5G will be a real technology revolution rather than a progressive evolution is still early to predict. Either way, its impact on...
We have taken a reflator of 2.0 to represent the PPP concept. This adjustment is only important for the first step in the process (v6). For the second step, which adjusts to 2015 levels of output, the reflator becomes irrelevant. We have used the label “2100” in this study. ...
This paper briefly discusses the concept of nivation as used in modern periglacial research and presents a detailed investigation of nivation forms and sediments from western Jutland in Denmark. On a part of the Saalian glacial landscape on Skovbjerg bakke, nivation forms are numerous. Nivation ...
The implementation of public–private partnership (PPP) is perturbed by multiple factors, and it is difficult for the Chinese government to fully control the risks of PPP projects. Based on the DPSIR ...
During his 11-year rule, Zia remoulded the concept of the Pakistan Ideology and turned it into a dogma that explained Pakistan as a unique emergence in the Muslim world that was conceived to become a bastion of faith and an Islamic state driven entirely by ‘divine laws.’ ...
In this study, the impact of the apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing catalytic subunit-like (APOBEC) enzyme APOBEC3B (A3B) on epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-driven lung cancer was assessed. A3B expression in EGFR mutant (EGFRmut) non-small-cell lung c
(primary neural stem cells) and introduces the concept that a genetically step wise process, based on a core molecular pathway already in use, is the evolutionary process that has molded cortical neurogenesis. The core mechanism, which has been identified in our recent studies, is the ...
It has been realised that a uniform enviroonnmmeenntt iiss aann abstract concept with little basis in natural situations. Environmental heterogeneity can have many evolutionary consequences depending on factors too diverse to review here (see Levins, 1965; Bradshaw, 1965). One type of heterogeneity...