根据上文“In biology, evolution is a process by which species change over time. Evolution is a theory-an explanation about how the world works, backed by evidence. The theory of evolution states that groups of organisms change over time.(在生物学中,进化是物种随时间变化的过程。 进化论是一种...
Using the mammalian pentadactyl limb as an example, outline the process of adaptive radiation. [2 marks] Outline the causes of variation in one example of continuous variation in humans. [5 marks] Explain how evolution occurs and which factors can cause the process to be rapid. [7 marks] Ce...
from emotional to rational: because something catches their eye in the checkout, or because they have done careful research and follow an “information-driven process,” or something
from emotional to rational: because something catches their eye in the checkout, or because they have done careful research and follow an “information-driven process,” or something
Whole-genome duplication (WGD) occurs often during tumorigenesis and is associated with intra-tumoral heterogeneity22,23,24,25,26, therapeutic resistance and poorer outcomes27,28,29. WGD increases the number of copy number states that chromosomes may adopt and may also buffer against mutation of ...
The 19th-century English naturalistCharles Darwinargued that organisms come about by evolution, and he provided a scientificexplanation, essentially correct but incomplete, of how evolution occurs and why it is that organisms have features—such as wings, eyes, and kidneys—clearly structured to serve...
Bacterial evolution is the process of heritable change in populations of bacteria over multiple generations. It occurs through mechanisms including natural selection and genetic drift, and can result in adaptations to environmental change or host immunity. Because of their short generation times and large...
It is worth noting that thermal volatilization occurs on fracture surfaces, while thermal fracturing occurs in the matrix (Teng et al., 2016). However, the thermal expansion effect is weaker than the thermal-volatilization-induced matrix shrinkage effect due to the limited external stress at small...
Janzen (1980) defined coevolution as reciprocal evolutionary change that occurs between interacting groups (typically species). This is the most commonly used definition of coevolution, however, other broader definitions of coevolution are sometimes used (e.g., diffuse coevolution; Iwao and Rausher...
1a)32,33. This process occurs throughout the skeleton at individual sites known as basic multicellular units (BMUs). The BMU in our HCA consists of five different cell types, including precursor osteoclasts, active osteoclasts, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), preosteoblasts, and osteoblasts. ...