The basis for this observation is well understood; MLST-based phylogeny reflects relatively slow genome evolution caused by point mutations and selective pressure, whereas the gene content dendrogram captures more rapid (and unpredictable) large-scale insertion and deletion events. Thus, variations ...
there is historical dependence without selection. We build assembly paths by taking two randomly chosen objects from the assembly pool and combining them; if a new object is formed, it is added back into the pool. Here we are building random objects, but these...
The majority of emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases in humans are caused by viruses that have jumped from wild and domestic animal populations into humans (that is, zoonoses)1. Zoonotic viruses have caused countless disease outbreaks ranging from isolated cases to pandemics and have taken a...
Therefore, if recombination has authentically ceased between neo-Y and neo-X, then we would expect a reduced DNA polymorphism caused by reduced N e for the neo-Y regions [6, 27]. Otherwise, the polymorphism level of neo-Y should be similar to that of 'PAR' regions or autosomes. ...
specific Alu sequences, but can be caused by inverted sequence pairs of a completely different sequence. Abundance ofTbxtisoforms explains tail phenotypes Next, we aimed to generate mouse models that incorporate the engineeredTbxtinsASAYandTbxtinsRCSgene structures to study their tail phenotypes (...
Many precipitation hardening Al alloys, especially Cu-rich ones, are difficult to weld by conventional fusion welding processes, mainly due to excessive microcracking caused by hot tearing in the molten zone, porosity and residual stresses [279-284]. As a result, FSW is an attractive joining tech...
This conformational change is caused by a long loop C terminal to the 7-fold TPR domain [98]; Fig. 2). Contrary to the binding mechanism, the regulation of cargo recognition has remained enigmatic. The binding affinities of synthetic PTS1 peptides and PEX5 were found to vary 1000-fold ...
This could indicate that despite coinciding with a coding sequence for a protein that has previously been described as multi-drug resistance associated [68], the selective sweep on LG1 is caused by another factor than resistance to EMB. Alternatively, we point out that the lice that were ...
At the physiological level, trade-offs are caused by competitive allocation of limited resources to one life history trait versus the other within a single individual, for example when individuals with higher reproductive effort have a shorter lifespan or vice versa (Figure 2B). A helpful way to...
Here, we used potato-late blight system to test the hypothesis that the evolution of virulence factors in pathogens is driven by multiple mechanisms. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third-ranked food crop in total production globally10. Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de...