there is historical dependence without selection. We build assembly paths by taking two randomly chosen objects from the assembly pool and combining them; if a new object is formed, it is added back into the pool. Here we are building random objects, but these...
Feature numbers for the core and pan-genome across 17L.caseistrains.PanelAshows numbers of total features in the core (blue) and pan-(red) genome as a function of the number of strains sequenced. The average of 500 random permutations of the genome order is presented for the pan and core...
Many precipitation hardening Al alloys, especially Cu-rich ones, are difficult to weld by conventional fusion welding processes, mainly due to excessive microcracking caused by hot tearing in the molten zone, porosity and residual stresses [279-284]. As a result, FSW is an attractive joining tech...
Once a WGD cluster had been called in one region, a lower threshold was then used in other regions (0.1) to limit heterogeneity introduced by differences in power of WGD cluster detection between regions that could be caused by differing percentages of the genome with major copy number =...
The change in recrystallization kinetics caused by strain-induced precipitation due to presence of niobium was handled by making the coefficient b and the activation energy QRX in Eq. (3.94) functions of temperature. However, appearance of precipitation changes the character of recrystallization ...
events but also from allele scoring errors or somatic mutations within asexual lineages [41,42]. This frequency distribution was bimodal with the smaller peak representing a number of only slightly distinct genotypes. Examination of these pairs of MLGs suggested that this effect was caused by two ...
specific Alu sequences, but can be caused by inverted sequence pairs of a completely different sequence. Abundance ofTbxtisoforms explains tail phenotypes Next, we aimed to generate mouse models that incorporate the engineeredTbxtinsASAYandTbxtinsRCSgene structures to study their tail phenotypes (...
Therefore, if recombination has authentically ceased between neo-Y and neo-X, then we would expect a reduced DNA polymorphism caused by reduced N e for the neo-Y regions [6, 27]. Otherwise, the polymorphism level of neo-Y should be similar to that of 'PAR' regions or autosomes. ...
Finally, the umbilical lid might have been caused by, or linked to, features unrelated to the hard parts (e.g., soft-tissues, genes). For instance, the parallel evolution of an umbilical lid may speculatively result from the repetitive loss of expression of regulatory Hox genes (e.g., [...
Spiders are renowned for their efficient capture of flying insects using intricate aerial webs. How the spider nervous systems evolved to cope with this specialized hunting strategy and various environmental clues in an aerial space remains unknown. Here