Many precipitation hardening Al alloys, especially Cu-rich ones, are difficult to weld by conventional fusion welding processes, mainly due to excessive microcracking caused by hot tearing in the molten zone, p
We detected twoHoxclusters and substantial 1:2 paralogy (that is, two copies in spiders and one in flies) in the spider, indicating whole-genome duplication (WGD) inH. graminicola(Extended Data Fig.7). By analysing the phylogenetic topology of the species tree and gene trees (Fig.4d), we...
Feature numbers for the core and pan-genome across 17L.caseistrains.PanelAshows numbers of total features in the core (blue) and pan-(red) genome as a function of the number of strains sequenced. The average of 500 random permutations of the genome order is presented for the pan and core...
Significant context dependency between genomic events driven by synthetic lethality or functional redundancy is known to occur in cancer20, but has not been explored with respect to the evolutionary timing of events. We defined mutually exclusive or co-occurring relationships specifically for truncal (e...
The change in recrystallization kinetics caused by strain-induced precipitation due to presence of niobium was handled by making the coefficient b and the activation energy QRX in Eq. (3.94) functions of temperature. However, appearance of precipitation changes the character of recrystallization ...
events but also from allele scoring errors or somatic mutations within asexual lineages [41,42]. This frequency distribution was bimodal with the smaller peak representing a number of only slightly distinct genotypes. Examination of these pairs of MLGs suggested that this effect was caused by two ...
specific Alu sequences, but can be caused by inverted sequence pairs of a completely different sequence. Abundance ofTbxtisoforms explains tail phenotypes Next, we aimed to generate mouse models that incorporate the engineeredTbxtinsASAYandTbxtinsRCSgene structures to study their tail phenotypes (...
Therefore, if recombination has authentically ceased between neo-Y and neo-X, then we would expect a reduced DNA polymorphism caused by reduced N e for the neo-Y regions [6, 27]. Otherwise, the polymorphism level of neo-Y should be similar to that of 'PAR' regions or autosomes. ...
Finally, the umbilical lid might have been caused by, or linked to, features unrelated to the hard parts (e.g., soft-tissues, genes). For instance, the parallel evolution of an umbilical lid may speculatively result from the repetitive loss of expression of regulatory Hox genes (e.g., [...
Here, we used potato-late blight system to test the hypothesis that the evolution of virulence factors in pathogens is driven by multiple mechanisms. Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is the third-ranked food crop in total production globally10. Late blight caused by Phytophthora infestans (Mont) de...