“Writing can be a solitary cognitive act of producing meaning for oneself, and writing can be a social act of producing meaning through negotiation with others. The very symbols that are used to express ideas, the manner in which the symbols are arranged, and the ways those symbols are inte...
Therefore, in English, the only possible truth conditions of the sentence are those corresponding to the backward shifted meaning in (20), which are compatible with a situation in which Kalina's sickness overlaps with Eric's thinking time. (37) Eric thought that Kalina is sick. In this ...
Other studies have observed a switch-related negativity (e.g., Declerck et al., 2021; Kang et al., 2020; Peeters, 2020; Peeters and Dijkstra, 2018), which has been interpreted as reflecting the increased difficulty in retrieving word meaning when switching languages. This pattern is ...
the annual global zakat pool at 200 billion USD— meaning that it may surpass the annual total spending on overseas development assistance by OECD countries.Footnote8In many Muslim-majority countries, estimated zakat contributions exceed the amount spent on state social protection programs. In Morocco...
The PPVT is a widely-used test of receptive vocabulary and includes items consisting of a stimulus word and a set of pictures and requires that the child selects the picture that best represents the meaning of the stimulus word presented orally by the examiner. In Peru, the 125 item Spanish...